Science and Technology - Forum

Have you heard of Guglielmo Marconi?

athena — Tue, 13 Feb 2024 01:33:41 +0000

Have you thought about who invented the wireless technology we use without a thought today? he discovered information can travel by radio waves. The waves can then travel long distance between permanent powerful transmitters:

Shrinking the World: Marconi’s Revolution in Wireless Telegraphy - News (allaboutcircuits.com)

Marconi's system used long-wave signals and spark transmitter technology, which required large, high-powered transmitters and long antennas. Despite those requirements, there were many advantages to his system, namely for communicating across open water.

In the late 1800s, communication at sea was extremely limited with communication through visuals like flags and light, which could often be obscured by distance and weather conditions. Those in the maritime industry saw the potential of Marconi's system and were eager to adopt it, which spurred even greater innovation.

Pushing the Limits of a Long-range Radio

After proving his concept to others and gaining their support, Marconi then set out to push the limits of how far his system could transmit. To show how far radiotelegraphy could travel, Marconi's newly-established Wireless Telegraph Company Ltd. created permanent stations across England and France's coastlines that utilized powerful transmitters and massive masts. Though these stations helped spread out the signal, they faced significant issues with interference.

Marconi created and patented a system for tuned or syntactic telegraphy to combat interference issues. This system allowed for selective wavelength tuning, which helped remove the issues ships were having with communication. This system also proved a fundamental principle: wireless waves were not affected by the earth's curvature.

Eventually, Marconi established transatlantic communication from Nova Scotia, Canada, to Clifden, Ireland. With this achievement, Marconi's system proved to work for great distances and was used for commercial and military communication. One famous use of his system was the RSS Titanic, which used Marconi's system to send its infamous distress call.

Isn’t if it’s water vapor

athena — Sat, 19 Aug 2023 23:26:07 +0000

Causing global warming.
https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?papere=102353#:~:text=Between%201880%20and%202019%2C%20the%20theoretical%20increase%20in%20heating%20from,published%20models%2C%20within%200.64%25.

Autonomous Changes in the Concentration of Water Vapor Drive Climate Change

William A. Van Brunt
JFA, LLC, Wayzata, MN, USA.
DOI: 10.4236/acs.2020.104025 PDF HTML XML 434 Downloads 2,096 Views

Abstract

When compared to the average annual global temperature record from 1880, no published climate model posited on the assumption that the increasing concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide is the driver of climate change can accurately replicate the significant variability in the annual temperature record. Therefore, new principles of atmospheric physics are developed for determining changes in the average annual global temperature based on changes in the average atmospheric concentration of water vapor. These new principles prove that: 1) Changes in average global temperature are not driven by changes in the concentration of carbon dioxide; 2) Instead, autonomous changes in the concentration of water vapor, ΔTPW, drive changes in water vapor heating, thus, the average global temperature, ΔT_Avg, in accordance with this principle, ΔT_Avg=0.4ΔTPW the average accuracy of which is ±0.14%, when compared to the variable annual, 1880-2019, temperature record; 3) Changes in the concentration of water vapor and changes in water vapor heating are not a feedback response to changes in the concentration of CO₂; 4) Rather, increases in water vapor heating and increases in the concentration of water vapor drive each other in an autonomous positive feedback loop; 5) This feedback loop can be brought to a halt if the average global rate of precipitation can be brought into balance with the average global rate of evaporation and maintained there; and, 6) The recent increases in average global temperature can be reversed, if average global precipitation can be increased sufficiently to slightly exceed the average rate of evaporation.

Keywords

1. Introduction

Objectives

· Develop wholly new principles of atmospheric physics;

· Identify and prove the cause of climate change;

· In so doing, assess the role, if any, changes the increasing concentration of CO₂ may play;

· Posit a possible solution to the existential problem that is global warming.

Global Warming

Since 1976, the average global temperature has been increasing at the rate of ~0.2˚C/decade. This is a very serious problem, becoming increasingly so and likely to become an existential threat to certain of those living on the margin around the globe.

Like any problem, to find a solution, the cause must be understood.

The increasing concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide is NOT the cause of climate change. Therefore, limiting the increase of or reducing carbon emissions is irrelevant.

The cause is the continuing increase in the concentration of water vapor, the primary greenhouse gas (GHG) with an average heating power significantly greater than CO₂. As the annual average water vapor concentration changes, the average annual greenhouse heating from water vapor, varies year to year.

As shown below, the changes in the concentration of water vapor are driven in an autonomous positive feedback loop between evaporation variability as a result of changes in water vapor surface heating, WV, driving changes in the average global atmospheric concentration of water vapor and therefore, water vapor surface heating.

It's Official: Solar Is the Cheapest Electricity in History

Rick Cool — Wed, 07 Jun 2023 02:07:11 +0000

t's Official: Solar Is the Cheapest Electricity in History

The International Energy Agency (IEA) says the cost per megawatt to build solar plants is below fossil fuels worldwide for the first time.Public success stories like Elon Musk's solar and wind battery farm in Australia have helped move public sentiment.All four IEA scenarios include a mix of renewables as well as nuclear and the world's remaining fossil fuel plants.

In a new report, the International Energy Agency (IEA) says solar is now the cheapest form of electricity for utility companies to build. That’s thanks to risk-reducing financial policies around the world, the agency says, and it applies to locations with both the most favorable policies and the easiest access to financing. The report underlines how important these policies are to encouraging development of renewables and other environmentally forward technologies.

Carbon Brief (CB) summarizes the annual report with a lot of key details. The World Energy Outlook 2020 “offers four ‘pathways’ to 2040, all of which see a major rise in renewables,” CB says. “The IEA’s main scenario has 43 more solar output by 2040 than it expected in 2018, partly due to detailed new analysis showing that solar power is 20 50 cheaper than thought.”

HARD SCIENCE — MARCH 16, 2023. At light speed, Einstein’s equations break down

Rick Cool — Wed, 07 Jun 2023 02:01:10 +0000

HARD SCIENCE — MARCH 16, 2023
At light speed, Einstein’s equations break down and nothing makes sense
---
The relationship of light to time is nonintuitive. Mathematical limits allow us to figure out
what happens to photons at the exact speed of light where Einstein’s equations break down.
At the speed of light, clocks stop — and the Universe is shrunk to zero size.
---
What do Einstein’s equations tell us?
. . . , let’s use the approach of limits . . .
. . . . what will happen when you get to the forbidden value.
. . . No time, no space
-----

At light speed, Einstein's equations break down and nothing makes sense

Using Einstein's equations and particle accelerators, we can figure out what time looks like from the perspective of a photon.

bigthink.com

At a constant speed of light (c=1), all physical limits are violated.
The quantum of light (h) enters in the continuum of neither time nor space (nor gravity-space).
The quantum of light (h) enters in the absolute Minkowski 4D spacetime (without gravity).
To get back, is needed to use the "method of renormalization" or
"The law of conservation and transformation of energy/mass".

6 Times Quantum Physics Blew Our Minds in 2022

Rick Cool — Wed, 07 Jun 2023 02:00:08 +0000

Jan 8, 2023

6 Times Quantum Physics Blew Our Minds in 2022
Quantum telepathy, laser-based time crystals, a glow from empty space
and an “unreal” universe—these are the most awesome (and awfully hard
to understand) results from the subatomic realm we encountered in 2022
By Lee Billings on December 19, 2022
----
The quantum world defies common sense at every turn.
-------
THE UNIVERSE IS KINDA, SORTA UNREAL
This year’s Nobel Prize in Physics went to researchers who spent decades proving the universe
is not locally real—a feat that, to quote humorist Douglas Adams, “has made a lot of people
very angry and been widely regarded as a bad move.” “Local” here means any object—an apple,
for instance—can be influenced only by its immediate surroundings, not by happenings
on the other side of the universe. “Real” means every object has definite properties regardless
of how it is observed—no amount of squinting will change an apple from red to green.
Except careful, repeated experimentation with entangled particles has conclusively shown
such seemingly sensible restrictions do not always apply to the quantum realm,
the most fundamental level of reality we can measure. If you’re uncertain as to what exactly
the demise of local realism means for life, the universe and, well, everything, don’t worry:
you’re not alone—physicists are befuddled, too.
-----

what do you guys think about chatGPT?

Rick Cool — Thu, 02 Mar 2023 03:07:56 +0000

https://youtu.be/ANHwnQL2zew

Evidence of Alien life from NASA

ZeXsY(PMP23) — Wed, 20 Jul 2022 01:21:53 +0000

https://youtu.be/HOX4aGLL6h0

Astronomers detect signals from a galaxy far

https://youtu.be/9hwHoOAJ9L0

Harvard professor says asteroid was really alien probe

Filipino student's science experiment entry to be performed

Prau123 — Thu, 30 Jun 2022 04:53:25 +0000

Filipino student’s science experiment entry to be performed in International Space Station

The Philippine Space Agency (PhilSA) announced on Monday, June 27 that the Filipino science expirement entry, “Rotation of ‘Dumbbell-shaped’ Objects in Space” is among the chosen experiments to be performed in the International Space Station (ISS) through the Asian Try Zero-G (ATZG) 2022 competition.

Finalist Aztg Fi Via Philsa
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Finalist Aztg Fi Via Philsa

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Photo/ Philsa

William Kevin L. Abran from the University of the Philippines-Los Baños submitted the science experiment which made it through the 24 international ATZG finalists, and became one of the six chosen entries to be conducted by Astronaut Koicho Wakata at the ISS around September.

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In a TikTok video, Abran’s experiment can be seen in action, and he gave a simple explanation in parts with another TikTok video.

The experiment aims the long-term stability of the dumbbell-shaped objects’ rotations in a free environment, like in microgravity, as it’s difficult to simulate such motions on the ground, according to PhilSA’s press release.

Atzg Rotation Of ‘dumbbell Shaped Objects In Space 01 Via Philsa
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Atzg Rotation Of ‘dumbbell Shaped Objects In Space 01 Via Philsa

" data-medium-file="https://www.yugatech.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ATZG-Rotation-of-‘Dumbbell-shaped-objects-in-Space-01_via-PhilSA-320x137.png" data-large-file="https://www.yugatech.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/ATZG-Rotation-of-‘Dumbbell-shaped-objects-in-Space-01_via-PhilSA-720x308.png" data-lazy-loaded="1" />

Abran’S “Rotation Of ‘Dumbbell Shaped Objects In Space” Experiment | Photo/ Philsa

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency’s (JAXA) point of selection reads, “This theme aims to systematically examine the behavior of rotating objects in orbit and the Dzhanibekov effect by means of two rigid bodies with different centers of gravity.”

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JAXA launched the ATZG as an international cooperation experiment that encourages the youth in Asia-Pacific region to expand the use of ISS, Japanese experiment “Kibo” in contributing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through development of human resource.

The PhilSA led the local screening of project proposals from May 9 – 29, and submitted five entries, including Abran’s to JAXA for final round of evaluation.

ATZG 2022 received 201 total submissions from 480 students, and young engineers/ researchers across eight Kibo-Asian Beneficial Collaboration-participating countries/ regions.

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The proposals are evaluated according to scientific significance, novelty, safety, resource requirement, and feasibility.

Click here for more information on the finalized Asian Try Zero-G 2022 Experimental Theme.

Article

https://www.yugatech.com/news/filipino-student-science-experiment-entry-to-be-performed-in-international-space-station/

Are you afraid of VR?

athena — Wed, 16 Mar 2022 00:54:04 +0000

My SIL won’t let my nephew use the oculus bc she’s afraid of being spied on? Paranoid?

US man who got 1st pig heart transplant dies after 2 months

ZeXsY(PMP23) — Wed, 16 Mar 2022 00:13:04 +0000

The first person to receive a heart transplant from a pig has died, two months after the groundbreaking experiment, the Maryland hospital that performed the surgery announced Wednesday.

David Bennett, 57, died Tuesday at the University of Maryland Medical Center. Doctors didn’t give an exact cause of death, saying only that his condition had begun deteriorating several days earlier.

Bennett's son praised the hospital for offering the last-ditch experiment, saying the family hoped it would help further efforts to end the organ shortage.

“We are grateful for every innovative moment, every crazy dream, every sleepless night that went into this historic effort,” David Bennett Jr. said in a statement released by the University of Maryland School of Medicine. “We hope this story can be the beginning of hope and not the end.”

Doctors for decades have sought to one day use animal organs for life-saving transplants. Bennett, a handyman from Hagerstown, Maryland, was a candidate for this newest attempt only because he otherwise faced certain death — ineligible for a human heart transplant, bedridden and on life support, and out of other options.

After the Jan. 7 operation, Bennett's son told The Associated Press his father knew there was no guarantee it would work.

Prior attempts at such transplants -- or xenotransplantation -- have failed largely because patients’ bodies rapidly rejected the animal organ. This time, the Maryland surgeons used a heart from a gene-edited pig: Scientists had modified the animal to remove pig genes that trigger the hyper-fast rejection and add human genes to help the body accept the organ.

At first the pig heart was functioning, and the Maryland hospital issued periodic updates that Bennett seemed to be slowly recovering. Last month, the hospital released video of him watching the Super Bowl from his hospital bed while working with his physical therapist.

Bennett survived significantly longer with the gene-edited pig heart than one of the last milestones in xenotransplantation -- when Baby Fae, a dying California infant, lived 21 days with a baboon's heart in 1984.

“We are devastated by the loss of Mr. Bennett. He proved to be a brave and noble patient who fought all the way to the end,” Dr. Bartley Griffith, who performed the surgery at the Baltimore hospital, said in a statement.

Other transplant experts praised the Maryland team's landmark research and said Bennett's death shouldn't slow the push to figure out how to use animal organs to save human lives.

“This was a first step into uncharted territory,” said Dr. Robert Montgomery of NYU Langone Health, a transplant surgeon who received his own heart transplant. “A tremendous amount of information” will contribute to the next steps as teams at several transplant centers plan the first clinical trials.

“It was an incredible feat that he was kept alive for two months and was able to enjoy his family," Montgomery added.

The need for another source of organs is huge. More than 41,000 transplants were performed in the U.S. last year, a record -- including about 3,800 heart transplants. But more than 106,000 people remain on the national waiting list, thousands die every year before getting an organ and thousands more never even get added to the list, considered too much of a long shot.

The Food and Drug Administration had allowed the dramatic Maryland experiment under “compassionate use” rules for emergency situations. Bennett’s doctors said he had heart failure and an irregular heartbeat, plus a history of not complying with medical instructions. He was deemed ineligible for a human heart transplant that requires strict use of immune-suppressing medicines, or the remaining alternative, an implanted heart pump.

Organ rejection, infections and other complications are risks for any transplant recipient. Experts hope the Maryland team quickly publishes in a medical journal exactly how Bennett's body responded to the pig heart.

From Bennett's experience, "we have gained invaluable insights learning that the genetically modified pig heart can function well within the human body while the immune system is adequately suppressed,” said Dr. Muhammad Mohiuddin, scientific director of the Maryland university’s animal-to-human transplant program.

One next question is what evidence, from Bennett's experience and some other recent experiments with gene-edited pig organs, may persuade the FDA to allow a clinical trial — possibly with an organ such as a kidney that isn’t immediately fatal if it fails.

Twice last fall, Montgomery's team at NYU got permission from the families of deceased individuals to temporarily attach a gene-edited pig kidney to blood vessels outside the body and watch them work before ending life support. And surgeons at the University of Alabama at Birmingham went a step further, transplanting a pair of gene-edited pig kidneys into a brain-dead man in a step-by-step rehearsal for an operation they hope to try in living patients possibly later this year.

Patients may see Bennett's death as suggesting a short life-expectancy from xenotransplantation, but the experience of one desperately ill person cannot predict how well this procedure ultimately will work, said ethics expert Karen Maschke of The Hastings Center. That will require careful studies of multiple patients with similar medical histories.

Transplant centers should start educating their patients now about what to expect as this science unfolds, said Maschke, who with funding from the National Institutes of Health is developing ethics and policy recommendations on who should be allowed in the first studies of pig kidneys and what they need to know before volunteering.

Pigs have long been used in human medicine, including pig skin grafts and implantation of pig heart valves. But transplanting entire organs is much more complex than using highly processed tissue. The gene-edited pigs used in these experiments were provided by Revivicor, a subsidiary of United Therapeutics, one of several biotech companies in the running to develop suitable pig organs for potential human transplant.

US man who got 1st pig heart transplant dies after 2 months - ABC News