Global25 Modelling of SE Asians. Noticeable AASI and West Eurasian (Genetic Legacy of Indian Empire)

Here are the following Global 25 models for SE Asians. Pretty notable amounts of AASI and Western Eurasian ancestry. Seems like Ancient India left considerable genetic influence in the region: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histor...Southeast_Asia

In these models, I will use Iranian Mazandarani (although they might contain very tiny amounts of AASI as well) and other Western Eurasian populations and Simulated AASI sources instead of South Asians to model the SE Asians. This is because I want to gauge the actual amount of AASI and Western Eurasian ancestry in SE Asians. However, it does indicate that the Indian genetic influence in SE Asia is genuine and not just AASI or Negrito-related affinity.

Note 1: the fact that Iranian Mazandarani is used in these models does not mean that SE Asians actually have Iranian ancestry. Instead, it is utilized as a proxy for Western Eurasian admixture into these populations.

Note 2: I did not create models for other SE Asians like the Vietnamese, Murut, Dusun etc because they don't have any Western Eurasian. In the case of the Pinos (Luzon and Vizayan samples), I also did not model them because they seem to have very little to almost none Indian ancestry. So if the Pinos have any West Eurasian, it mostly comes from Iberian colonization or Arabs (in the case of Pino Muslims in the southern Phils) rather than mixing with Indians.

Note 3: there are no Laotians in Global 25, but I suspect they will be like the Dai and Vietnamese, which is basically zero West Eurasian admix.

Let's Begin!!!.....

 

Burmese: They are around 7% West Eurasian and 10% AASI. When you combined them, you get around 17% South Asian admix. I wonder whether is it North or South Indian ancestry, what caste in their case. From what I saw on Gedmatch results, I thought the Burmese would be more Indian admixed than this. I guess some of their South Asian admix is actually AASI/Negrito-related affinity.

Yi is used as source for the Tibeto-Burman ancestry of the Burmese. Burmese are a lot more northern-shifted than other SE Asians who mostly preferred Dai (Tai-Kradai population from Southern China) or Igorot (tribe from the Phils)

"sample": "Burmese:Average",
"fit": 1.4199,
"Yi": 68.33,
"LAO_LN_BA": 15,
"Simulated_AASI": 10,
"Iranian_Mazandarani": 6.67,

Thai: has the most Western ancestry of all the SE Asians. The samples here are around 9% Western Eurasian (although might be slightly less if Iranian Mazandarani contains tiny amounts of AASI) and 7% AASI. Combined that will get around 16% South Asian which surprised as I thought they would get more Indian ancestry than that. Again, am wondering if their Indian ancestry is North or South, Upper or lower caste?

"sample": "Thai:Average",
"fit": 1.6814,
"Dai": 70.83,
"LAO_LN_BA": 13.33,
"Iranian_Mazandarani": 9.17,
"Simulated_AASI": 6.67,

However, the distance fits for the Thai get better when you add Han in to the mix (There were historical migrations into Siam/Thailand from Southern China in large numbers. A lot of Chinese intermarried with the locals to the point that as many as 40% of Thais could have a partial Chinese ancestor in their bloodline)

This time the Western Eurasian in Thai average decrease from 9 to 8%. Now the Thai have around 15% South Asian when combining the Iran Mazandaran and Simulated AASI. But the Thai also have almost 20% Chinese ancestry.

"sample": "Test1:Thai",
"fit": 1.2433,
"Dai": 40.83,
"LAO_LN_BA": 25.83,
"Han": 18.33,
"Iranian_Mazandarani": 8.33,
"Simulated_AASI_Averaged": 6.67,

Cambodian: they have around 3% Western and 4% AASI here. Combining these two would get around 7% Indian. They have the lowest West Eurasian and AASI ancestry among the SE Asians which sort of make sense as they are geographically rather distant from the Indian subcontinent. Also their Indian ancestry is very ancient; they don't seem to get continuous South Asian gene flows like the Burmese. In their case, their South Asian ancestry is most likely South Indian as their architecture is most similar to those of South India.

"sample": "Cambodian:Average",
"fit": 1.6315,
"Dai": 55.83,
"LAO_LN_BA": 36.67,
"Simulated_AASI": 4.17,
"Iranian_Mazandarani": 3.33,

Malay: they have around 6% West Eurasian and 6% AASI ancestry. Combining that would get them at around 12% South Asian. I thought their Indian ancestry would be higher as Malaysia received a lot of South Indian migrants and several of them seem to assimilated or intermarried with the Malays. This makes me I speculated that a huge amount if not most of their South Asian ancestry is from South India.

"sample": "Malay:Average",
"fit": 1.5848,
"Malaysia_LN": 55,
"Igorot": 33.33,
"Iranian_Mazandarani": 5.83,
"Simulated_AASI": 5.83,

Some thoughts:

-As you can see here, the Burmese seem to have the highest South Asian and the Cambodian have the lowest. However in terms of West Eurasian ancestry, the Thai have the highest and again, the Cambodians have the lowest.

-These models show that the South Asian ancestry in a lot of SE Asian populations are authentic and not just AASI/Negrito-related affinity. This is the great genetic legacy of the Indian Empire!!!

-I find it strange that the Burmese have less West Eurasian than the Thai considering that they actually bordered the South Asian subcontinent. Makes me ponder where in Thailand and Myanmar the scientists collect these samples from.

-Burmese are the most northern genetically of all the SE Asians as seen by their requirement for Yi, a Tibeto-Burman in order to get a great fit. Other SE Asians like Thai, Cambodian and Malay are a lot more southern-shifted as seen by their preference of Dai and Igorot as their East Asian admixture source.

-It looks like the Indian genetic influence does not penetrate into groups that live in deeper interior parts of SE Asia such as Vietnamese, Laotians the Dayaks of Borneo or hill tribes in Northern parts of the region.

-It would be awesome if the geneticists could collect samples from other SE Asians such as the Acehnese, Cham, Indonesian Batak (the Batak in Global 25 is actually a Negrito population from the Phils), Mon, Minangkabau, Javanese/Balinese, Madurese, Rakhine, etc. This is because these populations also have considerable South Asian cultural influence. Thus we can get to figure out how much South Asian aka West Eurasian+AASI they really have.

-Where in Thailand and Myanmar do you think they got the samples from? I would like to hear your opinions

Thoughts? Opinions on these models? I will post other versions of the SE Asian models using different West Eurasian sources as well.