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Archaeology [Sticky] Archaeology by Prau123

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Was there a real pirate island?
 
 
 
Some of the most famous island strongholds included Tortuga in the Caribbean, Madagascar in the Indian Ocean, and the Sulu Archipelago in the Sulu Sea. Some historic pirate havens included Barataria Bay, Port Royal, and Tortuga. These provided some autonomy for privateers and buccaneers.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Real Island of Tortuga Explained - Pirates of the Caribbean

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Movies in development

 

 

 

 

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Island of Gold

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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World's Largest Pineapple Maze, world record in Wahiawa, Hawaii

 

December 5, 2023
 
 
 
World's Largest Pineapple Maze, world record in Wahiawa, Hawaii

Wahiawa, Hawaii, United States--The Pineapple Maze at the Dole pineapple plantation in Wahiawa, Hawaii, United States, originally debuted in 1998, and now features more than 14,000 plants; it was designed as a game with eight stations to be visited, and a pineapple shaped garden at the center, and sets the world record for being the World's Largest Pineapple Maze, according to the WORLD RECORD ACADEMY.

World's Largest Pineapple Maze, world record in Wahiawa, Hawaii

"Almost two and a half miles of paths weave through two acres of native plants to form the largest plant maze in the world. The current Guinness record holder, the Pineapple Maze at the Dole pineapple plantation had to expand in 2007 to win back the title.

"The maze originally debuted in 1998, and now features more than 14,000 plants. It was designed as a game with eight stations to be visited, and a pineapple shaped garden at the center," the Atlas Obscura says.

 

"The fastest times through the maze are posted on a sign at the entrance. For most visitors it takes about an hour, but the record time to complete this record maze is just seven minutes."

World's Largest Pineapple Maze, world record in Wahiawa, Hawaii

"In 2008, Dole Plantation’s giant Pineapple Garden Maze was declared the world’s largest maze. The maze stretches over three acres and includes nearly two and one-half miles of paths crafted from 14,000 colorful Hawaiian plants," the official website says..

 

"Walk through the flora of the islands as you seek out eight secret stations that each lead you closer to the mystery at the heart of this larger-than-life labyrinth, one of only a handful of permanent botanical mazes in America.

 

"For an enhanced maze experience, download our FREE Dole Plantation app on your iPhone or Android device to automatically track your time and maze stations you’ve found."

World's Largest Pineapple Maze, world record in Wahiawa, Hawaii

"In Hawaii, a unique 'hedge' maze can be found on the island of Oahu. While most people are visiting particularly for this island's stunning beaches and natural flora, they often miss out on the unique maze that awaits them in Wahiawa. After winning the record of the largest plant maze in the world back in 2008, heads began turning and now, it's a major Hawaii tourist attraction," The Travel says.

 

"Known as the Pineapple Garden Maze, this unique labyrinth is filled with plant species that are native to Oahu. This, alone, makes it stand out from other mazes not only throughout the U.S. but throughout the world. It took the Guinness World Record title as the largest plant maze in the world at one point and has maintained its status as one of the largest today.

 

"The Pineapple Garden Maze originally opened in 1998, giving it more than two decades of history from which visitors can learn during their visit. The maze stretches more than three acres today and encourages visitors to weave through more than two and a half miles of maze-like trails."

World's Largest Pineapple Maze, world record in Wahiawa, Hawaii

"One of Oahu's most popular visitor attractions has set a new record for the world's largest maze from the Guinness Book of World Records. Dole Plantation's Pineapple Garden Maze, first debuted in 1998, once held the word record in 2001. Since its expansion was completed last year, it earned back the title," the Hawaii News Now says.

"The expanded maze now occupies an area of more than two acres or 137,194 square feet. It is made of 14,000 colorful Hawaii plants including hibiscus, heliconia, croton, panax and pineapple. The center of the maze is in the shape of a huge pineapple.

"We've been planning this attempt for a while, but the process is quite involved and we wanted to be sure we had everything in order before we contacted Guinness," said General Manager Mike Moon. The maze attracts both young and old visitors."

World's Largest Pineapple Maze, world record in Wahiawa, Hawaii

"There is little more synonymous with the Hawaiian Islands than breathtaking beaches, crystalline water, stunning scenery, and pineapples. And nowhere is more famous for the fresh, Hawaiian fruit than the historic Dole Plantation. The plantation sits just north of the small town of Wahiawa, in central Oahu, now serves as a major tourist destination, and is home to the world’s largest plant maze," the Only In Your State says.

 

"James Dole, who purchased the 61-acre land parcel in 1900, was the first person to truly understand the pineapple’s potential and became known across the United States as the Pineapple King, and Hawaii was famous for being the pineapple capital of the world. At more than 20,000 acres the Dole Plantation is also the largest pineapple plantation in the world!

 

"The Dole Plantation’s giant pineapple garden maze was declared the world's largest in 2008 by the Guinness Book of World Records, and is one of only a few permanent botanical mazes in the United States. The maze encircles a botanical garden in the shape of a giant pineapple, and is housed on more than three acres, featuring nearly 2.5 miles of paths crafted from 14,000 Hawaiian plants."

World's Largest Pineapple Maze, world record in Wahiawa, Hawaii

"The maze is the size of 2 ½ football fields; lined with over 14,000 plants and shrubs, notably heliconia, panax, agapanthus and hibiscus, it opened in April 1998," the Hawaii Magazine says.

 

“It was really an idea that stemmed from the vice president of Dole at the time. He had gone to the Peace Maze in Ireland … and said we should do one out here in Hawaiʻi,” says Michael Moon, the director of operations at Dole Plantation, who has been with the company for almost 17 years.

 

"I note that there are eight stations in the maze to discover. There’s a box for each station on my ticket, and to fill out the ticket, you stencil in the images found at each one. Typically, it takes 45 minutes to an hour to get through the maze. The quickest maze walkers, however, clock in at around 7 minutes. I had been here when I was younger and remember getting lost in the left and right dance of the place."

World's Largest Pineapple Maze, world record in Wahiawa, Hawaii

"The Dole Plantation has 20,000 acres (80 sq km) devoted to growing pineapple. After Queen Liliʻuokalani was overthrown in 1893, James Dole arrived with a Harvard degree and $1200 to start a business. He experimented with different crops on the land he bought in central Oahu, eventually settling on growing pineapples. Today, the plantation thrives and also serves as a popular tourist destination," the Deviating the Norm says.

 

"Anyway, I arrived just after the plantation's 9am opening so I would beat the crowds and the heat. It worked! I had the entire maze to myself—all 2.5 miles of path across 3 acres. Indeed, this maze is the largest in the world as declared in the 2008 Guinness Book of World Records.

 

"The maze's pathways encircle a botanical garden in the shape of—you guessed it—a pineapple! This made it a bit easier to orient myself when getting a little turned around in the maze."

World's Largest Pineapple Maze, world record in Wahiawa, Hawaii

"The famous Dole Plantation is in the heart of Oahu near the town of Wahiawa. This historic 61-acre pineapple farm was founded in 1899 by James Drummond Dole, a Harvard grad eager to introduce large-scale farming to Hawaii," the Travel To Paradise says.

 

"Today, Dole Plantation is a fun family-oriented outing that includes a two-mile educational train ride, the charming Pineapple Express, through the pineapple fields and on a tour through the Plantation Garden.

 

"Hopefully you’ll take the time to try to beat the record to get through the world’s largest maze, appropriately shaped like a humongous pineapple! The paths through the maze are almost two and a half miles long, created by about 14,000 lovely Hawaiian plants. If you can make it through the maze quickly enough, you’ll get the honor of having your name carved on a sign at the maze’s entrance."

World's Largest Pineapple Maze, world record in Wahiawa, Hawaii

"There are few things more connected with the Hawaiian Islands than beautiful beaches, clear water, breathtaking landscape, and, of course, pineapples. And the historic Dole Plantation is the place to go if you want to get your hands on some fresh, Hawaiian fruit. Although it is located just north of the tiny village of Wahiawa on the island of Oahu, the plantation has grown into a significant tourist attraction, and it is home to the world's biggest plant maze," the M.A.Y. Hawaii Tours says.

 

"The enormous pineapple garden maze at the Dole Plantation was named the world's biggest in 2008 by the Guinness Book of World Records, and it is one of just a few permanent botanical mazes in the United States. The Dole Plantation is located in the island of Oahu.

 

"Aside from the pineapple maze, the Dole Planta has a whole lot of fun things for your family. For example, you can take the Pineapple Express ride with young children or go on an amazing tour through their garden where they grow world-famous tropical pineapple!"

World's Largest Pineapple Maze, world record in Wahiawa, Hawaii

Photos: World's Largest Pineapple Maze, world record in Wahiawa, Hawaii

(1-12) Facebook/Dole Plantation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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World's Largest Pineapple Maze, world record in Wahiawa, Hawaii

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pineapple Maze was the only maze that I have ever visited.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AI Overview
 
 
The Amazing World Mazes | Great Gardens of the World
 

The Villa Pisani labyrinth in Stra, Italy is often considered the most difficult maze in the world. The maze is known for its intricate design and history, and even Napoleon is said to have been lost in it.

 
Features:
  • Design: The maze's design was influenced by French literature and botanical theories of the time. It was revised multiple times, especially in the 19th century.
     
  • History: The maze was constructed in 1720 and is steeped in heritage.
     
  • Location: The maze is located in the vast garden of Villa Pisani, a classic Venetian villa. The villa is also home to a museum that showcases art and furnishings.

 

 

What is the most difficult Labyrinth?
 
 
 
Villa Pisani labyrinth, Stra, Italy

Considered the most difficult maze in the world, the imposing hedges of the Villa Pisani offer no respite to lost visitors.

 

 

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Best Wishes, Good Luck for those who dare to escape this labyrinth. Download a map or bring your GPS device if you find it too difficult. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Bari, Italy in the past appears to have been designed possibly as a labyrinth maze to confuse and trap unwanted foreign invaders for defensive purpose. The city layout is intricate, and outsiders are almost guaranteed to get lost. 

 

Here's some comments from locals and tourist alike. 

 

 

 

Bari's maze-like old town is a labyrinth of narrow streets, washing lines strung between ancient buildings, and tiny piazzas.

 

The old town is literally a labyrinth: small churches, picturesque alleys, crowded bars and impressive squares and soak in the atmosphere.

 

The city can be divided into the Old Town (“Bari Vecchia”) and the New Town. The Old Town is an almost endless maze of dark, narrow alleys, while the New Town is pretty modern.

Wandering through this labyrinth of lanes, you can easily imagine what life must have been like here decades ago. In some spots, it feels like little has changed.

It’s a lovely old town with its labyrinth of narrow, winding streets, impressive churches, and incredibly delicious street food.

 

Bari's old town is an endlessly charming maze.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mammoth Cave Mysteries: Exploring the World's Longest Underground Labyrinth!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Perhaps Mammoth Cave is the longest and most difficult NATURAL labyrinth on our planet with over 420 miles of caves and tunnels. Scientist and Adventure Seekers are still discovering more unexplored caves and tunnels.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Where is the world's largest corn maze?
 
 
 
Richardson Adventure Farm
 
 
The World's Largest Corn Maze at Richardson Adventure Farm in Spring Grove, Illinois.

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Maze design often changes, but the size and difficulty are still there.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pumpkin Maze, San Antonio, Texas designed for kids 

 

 

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Explore pumpkin patches & corn mazes in San Antonio, surrounding areas

 

 

 

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La Ciudad Perdida de Huayuri - Exploring Ancient Forgotten City in Peru!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Known locally as the "Machu Picchu" of the south in Peru is La Ciudad Perdida de Huayuri, an ancient city spanning over 30 acres with impressive construction and rich history. Join me to explore the wonder of this ancient forgotten site!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Current World Archaeology (CWA) Photo Competition

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Current World Archaeology (CWA) Photo Competition 2025 – Opportunity Desk

 

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Is there an infinity of infinities? The question sounds almost absurd, like a riddle designed to twist your brain into knots. But for mathematicians, it’s a serious — and endlessly fascinating — puzzle. What’s certain is that infinity doesn’t come in just one flavor.

For centuries, mathematicians have categorized infinities into a kind of ladder. The infinite set of natural numbers — 1, 2, 3, and so on — sits on one rung. On a higher rung, the infinite set of real numbers, which includes decimals and negatives, dwarfs it. And from there, infinities cascade upward, forming an endless hierarchy.

Recently, researchers from Vienna University of Technology and the University of Barcelona uncovered two new layers of this vastness, and they don’t quite play by the usual rules.

These new types of infinities are called exacting and ultra-exacting cardinals. Unlike their predecessors, these cardinals refuse to slot neatly into the established hierarchy of infinities. Their discovery forces mathematicians to reconsider what infinity really means — and whether chaos might lurk at its core.

How Many Infinities Are There?

Mathematicians have long categorized infinities into a hierarchy where some infinities are larger than others. For example, the infinity of counting numbers (1, 2, 3, …) is smaller than the infinity of real numbers, which includes an infinity of decimals between 0 and 1 (and beyond).

 

Related video: Every Weird Math Paradox - Part 2 (Thought Thrill)

 
 
Simpson's Paradox Simpson's paradox is often presented as a compelling

 

Mathematicians use “large cardinal axioms” to describe these layers, defining specific types of infinite numbers with unique and powerful properties. At the base of the ladder is the infinity of natural numbers, ℵ₀ (aleph-null). Climbing higher reveals infinities of increasing size and complexity: measurable cardinals, super compact cardinals, and even so-called “huge” cardinals.

These axioms followed a predictable, linear progression. Each new “rung” of the ladder built on the one before it, creating a stable structure. But as these infinities grow, they stretch the foundational rules of mathematics to their limits. Large cardinals, for instance, exist outside ZFC — the Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory with the Axiom of Choice, the framework underpinning nearly all modern mathematics.

“Numbers ‘so large that one cannot prove they exist using the standard axioms of mathematics,’” is how Joan Bagaria, a mathematician at ICREA and the University of Barcelona, described these entities. Their existence must be assumed through new axioms. Yet their usefulness cannot be overstated — they allow mathematicians to explore regions of mathematics that would otherwise remain undecidable.

 

Exacting and ultra exacting cardinals are the newest additions to this pantheon. According to Bagaria, these cardinals “live in the uppermost region of the hierarchy of large cardinals” and appear compatible with the Axiom of Choice.

Exacting cardinals are stronger (or “bigger”) in their properties than many previously known large cardinals, meaning they can interact with the mathematical universe in new and unexpected ways. Ultra exacting cardinals are an even more powerful and restrictive version of exacting cardinals. Think of them as exacting cardinals with additional “superpowers” that make them interact with infinity in a way that amplifies their effect on the mathematical universe.

Order, Chaos, and the HOD Conjecture

For decades, mathematicians have debated whether infinity could ever be tamed. One guiding hope has been the HOD Conjecture, which suggests that even the most unruly infinities could fit within a broader order.

HOD, or Hereditary Ordinal Definability, proposes that infinitely large sets can be defined by “counting up to” them. If true, it would bring order to the mathematical universe, aligning the Axiom of Choice with the largest infinities.

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But these new cardinals muddy the waters. Exacting and ultra exacting cardinals seem to break traditional patterns. “Typically, large notions of infinity ‘order themselves,’” explained Juan Aguilera, a co-author of the paper and mathematician at the Vienna University of Technology. “Ultra exacting cardinals seem to be different. They interact very strangely with previous notions of infinity.”

The implications are profound. If these new cardinals are accepted, they could provide strong evidence against the HOD Conjecture. “It could mean that the structure of infinity is more intricate than we thought,” Aguilera said.

Why Should You Care?

This isn’t just about adding a new number to a mathematical playbook. Discoveries like this ripple out into unexpected areas. Infinity lies at the heart of breakthroughs in cryptography, artificial intelligence, and cosmology. When mathematicians uncover new insights about the infinite, they pave the way for advances in fields as diverse as cybersecurity and the study of black holes.

 

Exacting cardinals also force us to confront deeper philosophical questions. Can we ever fully understand the universe if infinity keeps surprising us?

The findings appeared in the preprint server arXiv.

This story originally appeared on ZME Science. Want to get smarter every day? Subscribe to our newsletter and stay ahead with the latest science news.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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There’s an infinity of infinities. And researchers just found two new infinities that break the rules of math

 

 

 

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