Alexander the Great, one of history's most renowned conquerors, left a lasting legacy not only through his vast empire but also through his coinage. These coins played a pivotal role in unifying his diverse territories, spreading Hellenistic culture, and reinforcing his divine status and authority. Today, Alexander's coins are highly valued by collectors and historians alike, offering a tangible connection to the ancient world.

Types of Alexander the Great Coins; Alexander's coinage comprised various denominations, each with distinct imagery and purposes :

• Gold Staters: These high-value coins typically depicted Athena on one side and Nike, goddess of victory, on other. Gold staters were used for significant transactions and as rewards for military service.

• Silver Tetradrachms: Among most common of Alexander's coins, tetradrachms featured Alexander as Heracles on one side and Zeus enthroned on the other. These coins facilitated larger everyday transactions and trade.

• Drachms and Smaller Denominations: Used for daily transactions, these coins also featured similar iconography, reinforcing visual representation of Alexander's power and divine favor.

 

 

The value of these coins has evolved significantly from their original worth :

• Gold Stater: Originally worth a soldier’s monthly pay, now valued between $3,000-$20,000 or more depending on condition and rarity.

• Silver Tetradrachm: Initially equating to a few days' wages for a skilled worker, currently priced between $200-$2,000.

• Drachms and Smaller Denominations: Once used for daily transactions, now ranging from $50-$500. The imagery on Alexander's coins was meticulously chosen to convey his divine status and authority :

• Heracles and Zeus: The frequent depiction of Heracles, with whom Alexander identified, emphasized strength and heroism. Zeus, king of gods, reinforced Alexander's divine right to rule.

• Inscriptions: Most coins bore the legend "AΛEΞANΔPOY" (of Alexander), a clear statement of his ownership and power. Alexander the Great coins are highly sought after by collectors. Reputable dealers and auction houses ensure authenticity through rigorous processes, including :

• Metallurgical Analysis: Examining metal composition to verify origin.

• Stylistic Comparison: Comparing designs to known genuine coins.

• Provenance Research: Tracing the coin’s history to confirm legitimacy.

 

These coins frequently appear in numismatic auctions, where rare and well-preserved specimens can fetch high prices. Collectors prize them not only for their historical value but also for their connection to one of history's most iconic figures.

Alexander the Great's coins are more than just ancient currency; they are a testament to his expansive influence and enduring legacy. From their original use in ancient economies to their modern value in collector's market, these coins offer a fascinating glimpse into the past and power of coinage as a symbol of authority. Through their detailed imagery and widespread circulation, Alexander's coins continue to captivate and educate, preserving the memory of one of history's greatest conquerors.

 

 

300kg gemstone found in Madagascar presidential palace

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Ancient Maps That Show Impossible Locations

Video

(Scroll to 9:18 in video)

Dulcert Map (1339) - The map shows the Azores, Caribbean Islands, West Africa almost 100 years before the Portuguese sailors first discovered these places. 

Undocumented Portuguese sailors and other groups may have already discovered them almost a century early before the accepted date of discovery. 

Dulcert Map (1339) may have been one of several maps that influence the creation of the Cantino Planisphere Map (1502), a later map that shows continents and islands that weren't supposed to be discovered yet. 

 

Angelino Dulcert (fl. 1339), probably the same person known as Angelino de Dalorto (fl. 1320s),^[1] and whose real name was probably Angelino de Dulceto or Dulceti,^[2] or possibly Angelí Dolcet, was an Italian-Majorcan cartographer.

 

Virtually nothing is known of Angelino Dulceti/Dolcet/Dalorto/Dulcert. A common assumption is that he was an Italian of Liguria, who trained in Genoa and subsequently emigrated to Majorca some time in the 1320s or 1330s.^[4

 

 

Angelino Dulcert Map (1339) 

(Scroll to 10:42)

Cantino Planisphere Map (1502)

The Roman multitool

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https://www.youtube.com/shorts/aMEVNnc6bHQ?feature=share

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The modern plier-based multi-tool was invented by Tim

Leatherman in 1983, while the first Swiss Army knife was invented by Karl Elsener in 1891, and the earliest known multi-tool is a Roman folding utensil from 200-300 CE. Leatherman's innovation was the pliers-based design, whereas Elsener's was the first mass-produced, modern multi-purpose knife for the military. The Roman version was a folding eating utensil with a spoon, fork, and knife. 

 

 

Types of multi-tools and their inventors

• • Modern Pliers-based Multi-tool: Tim Leatherman invented the modern multi-tool in 1983 after he got the idea for a pliers-based tool while on a trip to Europe.
  • Swiss Army Knife: Karl Elsener invented the first Swiss Army knife in 1891 after he decided Switzerland should have its own multi-purpose pocket knife.

• Earliest Known Multi-tool: The first multi-tool dates to the Roman Empire, between 200 and 300 CE. It was a folding utensil made of silver and iron with a knife, fork, spoon, and other implements.