Northern Thai/Lanna and many Lao are genetically much closer to Viets than to other Thais

@athena @prau123 @dyno @olive-juice @sailorneptune

It seems that ethnic Tais (wrote Tai to distinguish them from the Thai) of Northern Thailand/locals of the Lanna region including Chiang Rai, Nan, Phrae, Chiang Mai, etc. and many ethnic Lao from both Laos (the country) and Northern parts of Isaan aka NE Thailand such as Loei, Nong Khai, Udon Thani, Nakhon Phanom, etc. are genetically much closer to Vietnamese and indigenous peoples of Southern China such as the Hmong, Mulam, Lahu, etc. than to the Thais of Central, Eastern and Southern regions. I will mention that Southern Isaan is pretty different from Northern Isaan; the former is inhabited primarily by Khmers and other Austroasiatic speakers.

I find this very interesting because it's fascinating how Northern Thais (comprises of many different Tai-Kadai ethnic groups such as Tai Yuan, Tai Lue, Tai Khuen (a subgroup of the Shan), Yong, etc) and ethnic Lao (another Tai-Kadai group) of Laos and Northern Isaan can be so genetically close to the Kinh aka ethnic Vietnamese of Vietnam despite speaking totally different languages.

When I visited the Northern Thailand and Northern parts of Isaan, I noticed a lot of the locals have lighter skin, much more East Asian-ish features (despite having no Chinese admixture from what they told me) and look much more like the Viets I have interacted with IRL and seen in Hanoi (I have been to Vietnam only once) and ethnic minorities of Southern China than to most Thais south of the historical Lanna Kingdom who have darker complexion and look a lot more stereotypically SE Asian who have very significant Mon, Khmer, Indian and Malay ancestries (the latter in Southern Thailand).

1. This result from Phayao in Northern Thailand. Closer to Viet, Dai than to Thai who seem to be mostly Mon-Khmer genetically speaking.

HarappaWorld

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 SE-Asian 60.89
2 NE-Asian 32.9
3 S-Indian 3.52
4 Siberian 1.24
5 Papuan 0.88
6 San 0.2
7 SW-Asian 0.11
8 E-African 0.1
9 Baloch 0.08
10 Mediterranean 0.08

Single Population Sharing:

# Population (source) Distance
1 kinh (1000genomes) 2.49
2 vietnamese (xing) 6.06
3 lahu (hgdp) 7.24
4 dai-chinese (1000genomes) 8.53
5 dai (hgdp) 10.79
6 khmer-cambodian (xing) 17.58
7 thai (xing) 22.26
8 cambodian (hgdp) 25
9 singapore-malay (sgvp) 28.14
10 miao (hgdp) 35.02
11 burmanese (chaubey) 35.46
12 singapore-chinese (sgvp) 37.02
13 garo (chaubey) 38.29
14 she (hgdp) 39.34
15 chinese (xing) 39.67
16 iban (xing) 39.81
17 khasi (chaubey) 40.46
18 han-chinese-south (1000genomes) 40.74
19 han (hgdp) 41.15
20 samoan (xing) 44.7

Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 81.8% dai-chinese (1000genomes) + 18.2% garo (chaubey) @ 0.74
2 80.7% dai-chinese (1000genomes) + 19.3% burmanese (chaubey) @ 0.86
3 80.7% vietnamese (xing) + 19.3% cambodian (hgdp) @ 1.01
4 50.3% she (hgdp) + 49.7% iban (xing) @ 1.08
5 51.8% singapore-chinese (sgvp) + 48.2% iban (xing) @ 1.08
6 91% kinh (1000genomes) + 9% thai (xing) @ 1.16
7 50.6% iban (xing) + 49.4% han-chinese-south (1000genomes) @ 1.18
8 96.9% kinh (1000genomes) + 3.1% juang (chaubey) @ 1.19
9 89% kinh (1000genomes) + 11% khmer-cambodian (xing) @ 1.2
10 96.9% kinh (1000genomes) + 3.1% bonda (chaubey) @ 1.2
11 97.2% kinh (1000genomes) + 2.8% savara (chaubey) @ 1.25
12 97.2% kinh (1000genomes) + 2.8% kharia (chaubey) @ 1.27
13 97.3% kinh (1000genomes) + 2.7% ho (chaubey) @ 1.29
14 88.3% dai-chinese (1000genomes) + 11.7% nepalese-b (xing) @ 1.29
15 82.6% vietnamese (xing) + 17.4% singapore-malay (sgvp) @ 1.32
16 50.1% chinese (xing) + 49.9% iban (xing) @ 1.32
17 96.8% kinh (1000genomes) + 3.2% onge (reich) @ 1.36
18 50.8% iban (xing) + 49.2% han (hgdp) @ 1.38
19 97.5% kinh (1000genomes) + 2.5% santhal (reich) @ 1.38
20 97.5% kinh (1000genomes) + 2.5% asur (chaubey) @ 1.38

Her G25 distance run simulated using HarappaWorld: genetically much closer to Kinh/Viet, Dai than to Thai.

Distance to: Phayao_1
0.02358892 Kinh_Vietnam
0.02435845 Vietnamese_(Kinh_Profile)
0.02677338 Gelao
0.02763806 Tai_Lue
0.02977526 Lahu
0.03084605 Dai
0.03773484 Zhuang
0.03962704 Maonan
0.04112553 Mulam
0.04643903 Dong_Guizhou
0.04784120 Li
0.04982191 Lawa
0.05020075 Karen_Sgaw
0.05225082 Dong_Hunan
0.05380770 Vietnamese_(Dong_Profile)
0.05488653 Cambodian
0.05533719 Lao
0.05825672 Hmong
0.06251951 Akha
0.06309951 Han_Guangdong
0.07122919 Thai
0.07313662 Miao
0.07402471 Htin_Mal
0.07449147 Mon
0.08283232 Tujia
0.08290185 Han_Chongqing
0.08381104 Malay
0.08592360 She
0.08696019 Han_Fujian
0.08857581 Atayal

2. This result also from Phayao. Closer to Kinh, Dai than to Thai.

HarappaWorld

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 SE-Asian 62.19
2 NE-Asian 30.64
3 S-Indian 4.48
4 Papuan 0.89
5 Baloch 0.87
6 Siberian 0.61
7 Pygmy 0.18
8 Caucasian 0.06
9 E-African 0.06
10 American 0.02

Single Population Sharing:

# Population (source) Distance
1 kinh (1000genomes) 4.52
2 dai-chinese (1000genomes) 7.45
3 vietnamese (xing) 8.62
4 dai (hgdp) 9.32
5 lahu (hgdp) 9.76
6 khmer-cambodian (xing) 15.32
7 thai (xing) 20.06
8 cambodian (hgdp) 22.49
9 singapore-malay (sgvp) 25.64
10 burmanese (chaubey) 36.9
11 iban (xing) 37.41
12 miao (hgdp) 37.53
13 singapore-chinese (sgvp) 39.51
14 garo (chaubey) 39.79
15 khasi (chaubey) 40.49
16 she (hgdp) 41.83
17 chinese (xing) 42.15
18 samoan (xing) 43.11
19 han-chinese-south (1000genomes) 43.23
20 han (hgdp) 43.63

Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 77.6% kinh (1000genomes) + 22.4% khmer-cambodian (xing) @ 0.91
2 82% kinh (1000genomes) + 18% thai (xing) @ 1.03
3 72.5% vietnamese (xing) + 27.5% cambodian (hgdp) @ 1.39
4 80% dai (hgdp) + 20% burmanese (chaubey) @ 1.41
5 87.6% dai (hgdp) + 12.4% nepalese-b (xing) @ 1.45
6 84% kinh (1000genomes) + 16% cambodian (hgdp) @ 1.49
7 81.2% dai (hgdp) + 18.8% garo (chaubey) @ 1.53
8 85.8% kinh (1000genomes) + 14.2% singapore-malay (sgvp) @ 1.59
9 84.8% dai-chinese (1000genomes) + 15.2% khasi (chaubey) @ 1.64
10 75.2% vietnamese (xing) + 24.8% singapore-malay (sgvp) @ 1.75
11 90.6% dai-chinese (1000genomes) + 9.4% nepalese-c (xing) @ 2.19
12 51.4% iban (xing) + 48.6% singapore-chinese (sgvp) @ 2.21
13 52.8% iban (xing) + 47.2% she (hgdp) @ 2.22
14 83.8% dai-chinese (1000genomes) + 16.2% burmanese (chaubey) @ 2.24
15 53.6% iban (xing) + 46.4% han-chinese-south (1000genomes) @ 2.26
16 53% iban (xing) + 47% chinese (xing) @ 2.33
17 90.2% dai-chinese (1000genomes) + 9.8% nepalese-b (xing) @ 2.38
18 53.8% iban (xing) + 46.2% han (hgdp) @ 2.38
19 84.9% dai-chinese (1000genomes) + 15.1% garo (chaubey) @ 2.38
20 55.8% iban (xing) + 44.2% chinese-american (hapmap) @ 2.43

Her G25 distance run: closer to Viet, Dai than to Thai.

Distance to: Phayao_2
0.02519161 Tai_Lue
0.02577257 Kinh_Vietnam
0.02604039 Vietnamese_(Kinh_Profile)
0.03022425 Dai
0.03340472 Gelao
0.03880449 Maonan
0.03989359 Zhuang
0.04091673 Li
0.04323310 Mulam
0.04958400 Lahu
0.05149939 Lao
0.05168959 Dong_Guizhou
0.05418407 Cambodian
0.05883274 Dong_Hunan
0.05964350 Vietnamese_(Dong_Profile)
0.06521520 Lawa
0.06726914 Karen_Sgaw
0.06819853 Hmong
0.06985801 Thai
0.07082119 Han_Guangdong
0.07361609 Atayal
0.07375102 Htin_Mal
0.07412381 Luzon
0.07440396 Malay
0.07986036 Mon
0.08053926 Akha
0.08084276 Vizayan
0.08406290 Ami
0.08439009 Miao
0.08617945 Hawaiian

3. Don't know this individual is from in Northern Thailand but I'm guessing Chiang Rai due to very high Dai blood. Closer to Dai, Kinh/Viet than to Thai. The Khmer_Cambodian coming before Vietnamese makes me think it has some Chinese admixture.

HarappaWorld

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 SE-Asian 67.73
2 NE-Asian 26.62
3 S-Indian 2.68
4 Siberian 2.03
5 Papuan 0.52
6 Caucasian 0.2
7 Beringian 0.13
8 SW-Asian 0.06
9 Pygmy 0.03

Single Population Sharing:

# Population (source) Distance
1 dai (hgdp) 4.31
2 dai-chinese (1000genomes) 4.58
3 kinh (1000genomes) 9.69
4 khmer-cambodian (xing) 14.25
5 vietnamese (xing) 14.38
6 lahu (hgdp) 15.76
7 cambodian (hgdp) 18.15
8 thai (xing) 18.85
9 singapore-malay (sgvp) 21.14
10 iban (xing) 31.2
11 samoan (xing) 40.28
12 burmanese (chaubey) 43.18
13 miao (hgdp) 43.69
14 khasi (chaubey) 45.19
15 tongan (xing) 45.6
16 singapore-chinese (sgvp) 45.69
17 garo (chaubey) 46.09
18 she (hgdp) 48.01
19 chinese (xing) 48.36
20 han-chinese-south (1000genomes) 49.42

Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 76.4% kinh (1000genomes) + 23.6% iban (xing) @ 0.94
2 81.2% dai-chinese (1000genomes) + 18.8% thai (xing) @ 1.38
3 68.5% vietnamese (xing) + 31.5% iban (xing) @ 1.46
4 76.8% dai-chinese (1000genomes) + 23.2% khmer-cambodian (xing) @ 1.6
5 94.4% dai (hgdp) + 5.6% great-andamanese (reich) @ 1.66
6 59.4% iban (xing) + 40.6% singapore-chinese (sgvp) @ 1.78
7 60.6% iban (xing) + 39.4% she (hgdp) @ 1.8
8 94.5% dai (hgdp) + 5.5% onge (reich) @ 1.82
9 81.2% dai-chinese (1000genomes) + 18.8% cambodian (hgdp) @ 1.83
10 95.8% dai (hgdp) + 4.2% nihali (metspalu) @ 1.88
11 95.3% dai (hgdp) + 4.7% sahariya (reich) @ 1.88
12 92.1% dai (hgdp) + 7.9% khasi (chaubey) @ 1.9
13 95.2% dai (hgdp) + 4.8% savara (chaubey) @ 1.9
14 96.2% dai (hgdp) + 3.8% paniya (chaubey) @ 1.92
15 95.7% dai (hgdp) + 4.3% gond (metspalu) @ 1.93
16 78.6% dai (hgdp) + 21.4% khmer-cambodian (xing) @ 1.93
17 96.3% dai (hgdp) + 3.7% pulliyar (metspalu) @ 1.93
18 95.9% dai (hgdp) + 4.1% chenchu (reich) @ 1.94
19 95.6% dai (hgdp) + 4.4% asur (chaubey) @ 1.94
20 96.3% dai (hgdp) + 3.7% irula (xing) @ 1.95

G25 result simulated from Harappa and using the distance run: closest to Tai_Lue, Dai and Kinh than to Thai.

Distance to: Northern_Thai_1
0.01596160 Tai_Lue
0.01653396 Dai
0.01772728 Kinh_Vietnam
0.01789468 Vietnamese_(Kinh_Profile)
0.02396359 Gelao
0.02972282 Maonan
0.03049204 Zhuang
0.03150581 Li
0.03414304 Mulam
0.04413963 Dong_Guizhou
0.04463818 Lahu
0.05060700 Dong_Hunan
0.05251360 Vietnamese_(Dong_Profile)
0.05453328 Lao
0.05918683 Cambodian
0.06098187 Hmong
0.06434555 Lawa
0.06435730 Han_Guangdong
0.06700945 Karen_Sgaw
0.07498072 Thai
0.07641566 Htin_Mal
0.07718728 Akha
0.07823715 Atayal
0.07866405 Miao
0.08080190 Luzon
0.08244461 Mon
0.08379137 Malay
0.08653921 She
0.08772406 Ami
0.08796307 Han_Chongqing

4. Sample from Chiang Mai in the northern region. He is closer 

HarappaWorld

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 SE-Asian 53.99
2 NE-Asian 37.02
3 S-Indian 4.09
4 Beringian 1.55
5 Papuan 1.29
6 Siberian 0.76
7 Caucasian 0.62
8 Baloch 0.34
9 American 0.22
10 E-African 0.12

Single Population Sharing:

# Population (source) Distance
1 lahu (hgdp) 3.41
2 vietnamese (xing) 4.98
3 kinh (1000genomes) 8.07
4 dai-chinese (1000genomes) 15.99
5 dai (hgdp) 18.38
6 khmer-cambodian (xing) 22.3
7 thai (xing) 26.41
8 miao (hgdp) 28.08
9 burmanese (chaubey) 28.67
10 singapore-chinese (sgvp) 30.09
11 cambodian (hgdp) 31.2
12 garo (chaubey) 31.49
13 she (hgdp) 32.39
14 chinese (xing) 32.64
15 han-chinese-south (1000genomes) 33.74
16 han (hgdp) 34.12
17 singapore-malay (sgvp) 34.31
18 khasi (chaubey) 36.57
19 chinese-american (hapmap) 37.64
20 tujia (hgdp) 37.8

Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 88.6% vietnamese (xing) + 11.4% khasi (chaubey) @ 1.65
2 92.9% vietnamese (xing) + 7.1% great-andamanese (reich) @ 1.91
3 93.3% vietnamese (xing) + 6.7% nepalese-c (xing) @ 2.03
4 87.8% kinh (1000genomes) + 12.2% nepalese-b (xing) @ 2.04
5 95.1% vietnamese (xing) + 4.9% north-kannadi (chaubey) @ 2.09
6 94.8% vietnamese (xing) + 5.2% chenchu (metspalu) @ 2.11
7 95.1% vietnamese (xing) + 4.9% kurumba (reich) @ 2.12
8 95.1% vietnamese (xing) + 4.9% hakkipikki (metspalu) @ 2.12
9 86.4% vietnamese (xing) + 13.6% burmanese (chaubey) @ 2.14
10 95.1% vietnamese (xing) + 4.9% tamil-vishwakarma (harappa) @ 2.16
11 95.1% vietnamese (xing) + 4.9% ap-madiga (xing) @ 2.17
12 53.3% singapore-chinese (sgvp) + 46.7% singapore-malay (sgvp) @ 2.17
13 95.2% vietnamese (xing) + 4.8% tn-dalit (xing) @ 2.17
14 95.1% vietnamese (xing) + 4.9% bhil (reich) @ 2.18
15 95.1% vietnamese (xing) + 4.9% chamar (metspalu) @ 2.18
16 95.5% vietnamese (xing) + 4.5% pulliyar (metspalu) @ 2.18
17 95% vietnamese (xing) + 5% kamsali (reich) @ 2.19
18 94.6% vietnamese (xing) + 5.4% tharu (reich) @ 2.19
19 95.2% vietnamese (xing) + 4.8% mala (reich) @ 2.19
20 93.1% vietnamese (xing) + 6.9% onge (reich) @ 2.19

The G25 run of this individual using Harappa simulated: closer to Lahu (a hill tribe from Southern China and Northern Indochina), Kinh/Viet and Dai/Tai Lue than to Thai.

Distance to: Chiang_Mai_1
0.02218904 Lahu
0.02668662 Kinh_Vietnam
0.02895075 Vietnamese_(Kinh_Profile)
0.03332661 Gelao
0.03534477 Tai_Lue
0.03825065 Dai
0.04227019 Zhuang
0.04343378 Mulam
0.04394282 Karen_Sgaw
0.04432054 Dong_Guizhou
0.04700567 Lawa
0.04718022 Maonan
0.04963608 Akha
0.04973490 Dong_Hunan
0.05048616 Vietnamese_(Dong_Profile)
0.05201860 Hmong
0.05471177 Li
0.05860401 Han_Guangdong
0.05885779 Cambodian
0.06378338 Miao
0.06411294 Mon
0.06468123 Lao
0.06653412 Thai
0.07270398 Tujia
0.07439522 Han_Chongqing
0.07851288 Han_Fujian
0.07866721 She
0.08093724 Han_Sichuan
0.08276432 Htin_Mal
0.08733057 Han_Hubei

Here are some Laotian results. These individuals also seem to be predominantly Tai-Kadai.

1. Laotian. Not sure where in Laos this person is from. But I believe Vientiane. Closest pops are Dai, Kinh/Viet, Lahu.

HarappaWorld 

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 SE-Asian 66.07
2 NE-Asian 27.42
3 S-Indian 1.96
4 Siberian 1.64
5 Papuan 1.58
6 Caucasian 0.75
7 American 0.43
8 E-African 0.14

Single Population Sharing:

# Population (source) Distance
1 dai-chinese (1000genomes) 4.62
2 dai (hgdp) 5.24
3 kinh (1000genomes) 8.25
4 vietnamese (xing) 12.73
5 lahu (hgdp) 14.19
6 khmer-cambodian (xing) 14.72
7 thai (xing) 19.26
8 cambodian (hgdp) 19.37
9 singapore-malay (sgvp) 22.23
10 iban (xing) 32.77
11 samoan (xing) 39.88
12 burmanese (chaubey) 41.75
13 miao (hgdp) 42.07
14 singapore-chinese (sgvp) 44.08
15 khasi (chaubey) 44.31
16 garo (chaubey) 44.72
17 tongan (xing) 44.93
18 she (hgdp) 46.4
19 chinese (xing) 46.75
20 han-chinese-south (1000genomes) 47.81

Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 72.1% vietnamese (xing) + 27.9% iban (xing) @ 0.86
2 57.4% iban (xing) + 42.6% singapore-chinese (sgvp) @ 1.47
3 58.6% iban (xing) + 41.4% she (hgdp) @ 1.49
4 80.2% kinh (1000genomes) + 19.8% iban (xing) @ 1.62
5 56.2% iban (xing) + 43.8% miao (hgdp) @ 1.63
6 59.3% iban (xing) + 40.7% han-chinese-south (1000genomes) @ 1.65
7 59.6% iban (xing) + 40.4% han (hgdp) @ 1.82
8 58.8% iban (xing) + 41.2% chinese (xing) @ 1.86
9 61.3% iban (xing) + 38.7% chinese-american (hapmap) @ 2.02
10 90.3% dai (hgdp) + 9.7% khasi (chaubey) @ 2.2
11 61.4% iban (xing) + 38.6% tujia (hgdp) @ 2.21
12 82.6% dai-chinese (1000genomes) + 17.4% thai (xing) @ 2.25
13 93.4% dai (hgdp) + 6.6% great-andamanese (reich) @ 2.32
14 78.7% dai-chinese (1000genomes) + 21.3% khmer-cambodian (xing) @ 2.43
15 93.5% dai (hgdp) + 6.5% onge (reich) @ 2.47
16 93.7% dai (hgdp) + 6.3% hazara (hgdp) @ 2.52
17 93.8% dai (hgdp) + 6.2% uzbek (behar) @ 2.53
18 94.5% dai-chinese (1000genomes) + 5.5% great-andamanese (reich) @ 2.54
19 94.1% dai (hgdp) + 5.9% nepalese-c (xing) @ 2.56
20 94.5% dai-chinese (1000genomes) + 5.5% onge (reich) @ 2.59

Harappa simulated G25 distance run of this result: closer to Tai_Lue, Viet, Dai than to Thai.

Distance to: Laotian_1
0.01952382 Tai_Lue
0.02087925 Vietnamese_(Kinh_Profile)
0.02301288 Dai
0.02421157 Kinh_Vietnam
0.03007260 Gelao
0.03185030 Maonan
0.03300434 Li
0.03365490 Zhuang
0.03786589 Mulam
0.04815105 Dong_Guizhou
0.05103895 Lahu
0.05414617 Lao
0.05499344 Dong_Hunan
0.05565294 Vietnamese_(Dong_Profile)
0.06117232 Cambodian
0.06572461 Hmong
0.06735511 Atayal
0.06757554 Han_Guangdong
0.06919722 Lawa
0.06971141 Luzon
0.07107144 Karen_Sgaw
0.07659963 Htin_Mal
0.07738307 Thai
0.07794290 Ami
0.07924659 Malay
0.08094928 Vizayan
0.08264088 Akha
0.08272644 Miao
0.08306301 Hawaiian
0.08632666 Mon

2. Laotian. Also don't know where in Laos he is from. Closest to Lahu, Viet, Dai than to Thai.

HarappaWorld

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 SE-Asian 55.67
2 NE-Asian 37.64
3 S-Indian 4.18
4 Siberian 1.72
5 Papuan 0.69
6 E-African 0.08
7 W-African 0.02

Single Population Sharing:

# Population (source) Distance
1 lahu (hgdp) 2.08
2 vietnamese (xing) 3.85
3 kinh (1000genomes) 6.77
4 dai-chinese (1000genomes) 14.8
5 dai (hgdp) 17.25
6 khmer-cambodian (xing) 22.2
7 thai (xing) 26.52
8 miao (hgdp) 28.52
9 burmanese (chaubey) 29.85
10 singapore-chinese (sgvp) 30.54
11 cambodian (hgdp) 30.83
12 garo (chaubey) 32.55
13 she (hgdp) 32.85
14 chinese (xing) 33.13
15 singapore-malay (sgvp) 34.02
16 han-chinese-south (1000genomes) 34.23
17 han (hgdp) 34.61
18 khasi (chaubey) 37.77
19 chinese-american (hapmap) 38.16
20 tujia (hgdp) 38.32

Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 83.1% kinh (1000genomes) + 16.9% garo (chaubey) @ 1.5
2 91.5% vietnamese (xing) + 8.5% khasi (chaubey) @ 1.61
3 54.9% chinese-american (hapmap) + 45.1% iban (xing) @ 1.75
4 96.5% vietnamese (xing) + 3.5% paniya (chaubey) @ 1.77
5 58.4% chinese (xing) + 41.6% iban (xing) @ 1.77
6 62.9% iban (xing) + 37.1% japanese (hapmap) @ 1.81
7 82% kinh (1000genomes) + 18% burmanese (chaubey) @ 1.81
8 96.6% vietnamese (xing) + 3.4% pulliyar (metspalu) @ 1.82
9 77.4% lahu (hgdp) + 22.6% vietnamese (xing) @ 1.83
10 57.3% han (hgdp) + 42.7% iban (xing) @ 1.86
11 54.8% tujia (hgdp) + 45.2% iban (xing) @ 1.87
12 96.6% vietnamese (xing) + 3.4% irula (xing) @ 1.88
13 62.9% iban (xing) + 37.1% japanese (1000genomes) @ 1.89
14 89.9% kinh (1000genomes) + 10.1% nepalese-b (xing) @ 1.91
15 96.2% vietnamese (xing) + 3.8% nihali (metspalu) @ 1.91
16 89.1% lahu (hgdp) + 10.9% kinh (1000genomes) @ 1.92
17 90.7% vietnamese (xing) + 9.3% garo (chaubey) @ 1.92
18 96.2% vietnamese (xing) + 3.8% chenchu (reich) @ 1.93
19 57.6% han-chinese-south (1000genomes) + 42.4% iban (xing) @ 1.94
20 96.4% vietnamese (xing) + 3.6% mala (reich) @ 1.95

G25 distance run: closest to Kinh, Lahu, Dai than to Thai.

Distance to: Laotian_2
0.02052170 Kinh_Vietnam
0.02179450 Lahu
0.02485625 Gelao
0.02499494 Vietnamese_(Kinh_Profile)
0.02888833 Tai_Lue
0.03294721 Dai
0.03408127 Zhuang
0.03467011 Mulam
0.03568181 Dong_Guizhou
0.03892998 Maonan
0.04160366 Dong_Hunan
0.04394089 Vietnamese_(Dong_Profile)
0.04484820 Hmong
0.04792738 Li
0.05072387 Akha
0.05135219 Karen_Sgaw
0.05172123 Han_Guangdong
0.05356748 Lawa
0.05901337 Miao
0.06598875 Cambodian
0.06830666 Lao
0.06869279 Tujia
0.06974157 Han_Chongqing
0.07242425 She
0.07272580 Mon
0.07360042 Han_Fujian
0.07470299 Thai
0.07712859 Han_Sichuan
0.08310696 Han_Hubei
0.08655034 Htin_Mal

Some observations:

-The Thai G25 average seem to be assimilated Austroasiatic Mons and Khmers with significant Han Chinese and Indian (Caucasoid) ancestries. I believe they are from Central and Southern Thailand.

-The Lao G25 samples are heavily Austroasiatic admixed. I suspected they are from Central and Southern Laos. There are a few individual Lao individuals who seem to be Tai-Kadai. I'm certain they are from Northern Laos:

Distance to: Laos32:Laos32
0.02271138 Dai
0.02356469 Tai_Lue
0.02852465 Vietnamese_(Kinh_Profile)
0.03205832 Kinh_Vietnam
0.03247581 Gelao
0.03445278 Li
0.03477842 Maonan
0.03825324 Zhuang
0.04293043 Mulam
0.04807036 Lao
0.05300929 Lahu
0.05454011 Dong_Guizhou
0.06034399 Cambodian
0.06053842 Dong_Hunan
0.06338277 Vietnamese_(Dong_Profile)
0.06734896 Lawa
0.06965392 Htin_Mal
0.07150671 Hmong
0.07223886 Karen_Sgaw
0.07433950 Atayal
0.07456155 Han_Guangdong
0.07640658 Luzon
0.08149475 Malay
0.08214493 Ami
0.08237513 Thai
0.08676336 Kuy_Suay
0.08816401 Akha
0.08845272 Murut
0.08849971 Mlabri
0.09037857 Vizayan

Distance to: Laos24:Laos24
0.02472895 Dai
0.02737020 Tai_Lue
0.03163945 Li
0.03383852 Vietnamese_(Kinh_Profile)
0.03430017 Maonan
0.03474384 Gelao
0.03593769 Kinh_Vietnam
0.03746257 Zhuang
0.04369345 Mulam
0.05425976 Lao
0.05581708 Dong_Guizhou
0.05983533 Lahu
0.06133661 Dong_Hunan
0.06405953 Vietnamese_(Dong_Profile)
0.06798126 Cambodian
0.07071379 Atayal
0.07388534 Hmong
0.07521506 Lawa
0.07523336 Han_Guangdong
0.07550565 Htin_Mal
0.07639271 Luzon
0.07789997 Ami
0.07923694 Karen_Sgaw
0.08747186 Murut
0.08789257 Malay
0.09040827 Thai
0.09181647 Miao
0.09230913 Kuy_Suay
0.09334608 Akha
0.09354600 Vizayan