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Human Biology [Solved] Download Filipino genetic origins

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It should be mentioned that the island of Panay (in Western Visayas) has two non-lowland groups other than the Negrito Ati, and they are the Suludnon (aka Tumandok or Panay Bukidnon or Panayanon Sulud), and the Iraynon Bukidnon.  The Suludnon reside in the center of Panay where its 4 provinces (Aklan, Capiz, Iloilo, and Antique) meet.  The Iraynon Bukidnon reside specifically in Antique, and are known for their rice terraces, which are one of the very few examples of rice terraces in the Philippines outside of central Luzon.  The Suludnon speak a West Bisayan language of their own called the Sulod language (also known as Ligbok), and the Iraynon Bukidnon may also speak a West Bisayan language having reside in Antique where the Karay-a language (a West Bisayan language) predominates.  But the term Bukidnon is often referred to the Lumad of Mindanao, and specifically often to the various Manobo tribes.  There are several Lumad groups, and the Manobos are just one of them.  This would suggest a connection between the Suludnon (Panay Bukidnon) and Iraynon Bukidnon of Panay to the Manobos of Mindanao.  But could the term Bukidnon have been liberally used in this case?  The Suludnon (Panay Bukidnon) have a dance called Binanog, and surprisingly enough, the Agusan Manobos of northeastern Mindanao have a similar dance by that same name.  The Agusan Manobos also refer to it by other names such as  Amaemaeyatok (Inamoyatok and Tinambwatok).  These two groups obviously have a cultural connection suggesting that the Suludnon (Panay Bukidnon) are in fact Manobo in origin.  The Iraynon Bukidnon may also have a Manobo connection, but it's unsure for now as far as I know.  Base on this cultural connection, it appears that the Manobos reached as far north as Panay in the Visayas.  According to the population genetic study "12 Important Insights into the Genetic Origins and Diversity of the Filipino People" (Figure 3 of page 4), the Suludnon are genetically very close to the Kinaray-a speakers (Karay-a people of Antique Province and western Iloilo Province) which would suggest that the Suludnon are Visayan and not Manobo at all, but it could be that there Manobo ancestry has been diluted by the lowland speakers (Kinaray-as, Aklanons, Hiligaynons/Ilonggos) of Panay.  But according to Figure 5 of page 7 of that same study, no Manobo ancestry exist in them, as they only have Cordilleran and Negrito ancestry.     

We know that the Manobos reached as far west as the province of Palawan since a Manobo language called Kagayanen is scattered throughout the province.  Palawan province consists of many islands such as Palawan and the Calamian group of islands just north of it with Busuanga island being the largest in the Calamian group and one of its most northern island.  Kagayanen is spoken in Busuanga island which puts Manobo influence that far north in the Philippines.  Kagayanen is also spoken in the island of Cagayancillo which is part of Palawan province but is far away from the other islands of the province as it lies in the middle of the Sulu Sea between the island of Palawan and Negros.  The island name itself, Cagayancillo, sounds similar to Kagayanen.  But the word Kagayanen may be a modern term, and not the original name of the language.

Could Manobo influence actually still be further north?  Or do we enter Mangyan territory?  There's a non-lowland group called May-as, also called Mangyan tagabukid (or Sibuyanon) that reside in Sibuyan Island in Romblon Province.  Although referred to as a Mangyan, it's unsure if they actually have Mangyan ancestry as in the non-lowland group of Mindoro.  They could also be Manobo related, or something else entirely different.       

 

See also

Iraynon Bukidnon: Documentary on Antique Rice Terraces, Iraynon Bukidnon to be screened in BrazilFilmfest - BusinessWorld Online (bworldonline.com)

Suludnon (Panay Bukidnon) Binanog Dance:      D45_BinanogDance.pdf (ucr.edu)

Suludnon (Panay Bukidnon) Map & Culture:  Panay Bukidnon Culture — HALIYA

May-as (Sibuyan Mangyan Tagabukid):  (PDF) 9. Indigenous Peoples and Protected Areas: The Case of the Sibuyan Mangyan Tagabukid, Philippines: Towards More Effective Conservation and Development (researchgate.net)

 

 
Posted : 08/06/2022 6:06 pm
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