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Why didn't Americans and Spanish adopt Filipino Martial Arts earlier?

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Prau123 avatar
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I was reading Wikipedia's article on Modern history of East Asian martial arts and specifically under the section "Western interest", and it mentions there was very little knowledge of Asian martial arts prior to 1959 in the West until the publication of the James Bond novel "Goldfinger".  This is very likely to be true.  Movies and t.v. shows such as the Green Hornet which starred Bruce Lee as Kato, the various Bruce Lee movies, the James Bond movies, Kung Fu starring James Caradine, the Pink Panther movies, and perhaps some episodes of the Batman t.v. series all appeared in the 1960s and 1970s.  But there were already many Asians living in America prior to the 1960s.  Moreover, the Philippines was under American colonial rule for about 50 years, and prior to that Spanish rule for over 300 years.  Many other European countries had colonies in Asia also, and have had some level of Asian immigrants.  Hawaii became a territory of the U.S. in 1898, and the coming decades would see the arrival of various Asians including Filipinos to Hawaii, and yet Filipino and Asian martial arts in general was not well known in the U.S. mainland until 1959 as mentioned earlier. 

A possible counterexample would be Brazil, which is a Western country, was influenced by Japanese martial arts in particular Judo and Jujutsu probably as early as 1916.  Gracie Jiu-jitsu, Vale Tudo, and Brazilian Jiu-jitsu would be a product of this, and all three helped developed the modern Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) scene that we have today.  But Asian martial arts was for the most part unknown in the West.  Supposedly servicemen living in Japan after World War II observed Karate, and help bring Karate to the U.S. 

In general, the colonizer will impart more to its colony than the other way around.  For example, the Philippines adopted modern boxing from the Americans (as well as basketball, baseball, etc), and sword and dagger techniques and training from Spain as in the attack angle numbering system, the martial system called espada y daga, and even terms such as arnis and escrima.  But surely the colonizee also influences the colonizer albeit at a smaller and slower rate, and I suppose that is what happened, but it was very slow indeed.

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James avatar
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Stick fighting is useless in the western world. While bamboo sticks can be found everywhere in southeast asia. 

 

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@james , a few daily objects can substitute as a stick such as a wine bottle, a broom, a rolled-up newspaper, a hanger, a cooking utensil such as a whisk and a large serving spoon, and if you're somewhere in the woods there's bound to be some tree branches on the ground.  But in general, you can substitute other daily objects for a short stick or knife such as a key chain full of keys, a spoon, fork, butterknife, stapler, cup or glass, t.v. remote control, etc.  Admittedly some substitutes are better than others, and any substitute doesn't perfectly behave like a stick or knife, but at least your taught how to apply some daily things as a self defense weapon.

In truth, prior to 1959 and especially the popularization of martial arts that Bruce Lee help brought about in the 1960s, martial arts was not taught commercially (at a large scale at least).  Asian martial arts including Filipino martial arts did exist in the U.S. and possibly in Spain, but it was just not openly taught to the public.  Often, it's cited that many Asian martial arts were taught in secret passed down from parent to child or within their community at best.  With the Filipino martial arts, I can't say that it was necessarily taught in secret or that secrecy was important, it's more likely there was no way or no mechanism to teach it to a lot of people especially outside the Filipino community.  Filipino martial arts, and Asian martial arts in general, were relatively unknown outside the Filipino or Asian community, so there was no (commercial) demand or push for these arts to be exposed to the larger American community.  I could be wrong, but Filipino martial arts was being marginalized even in Filipino society be it in the Philippines or outside the Philippines due to the modernization of Filipino culture, and the emphasis on Filipinos of getting an education especially a college education, obtaining a professional career that makes money, and migrating abroad to other countries or working in a ship.  Where does Filipino martial arts or martial arts in general fit in a Filipino's daily life?

But with the popularization of martial arts, there was a large and sudden demand for it beyond any Filipino or Asian community.  This commercial demand opened up opportunities for Filipino and Asian martial arts to set up schools, workshops, classes (in your local gym or community center), and sell instructional books, video tapes, DVDs, etc.  Martial art magazines would become very popular and were a staple in any magazine store, bookstore, grocery store, and even gas stations, and they would have articles on the various Asian martial arts.      

The popularity of martial arts in the movies and t.v., in the 1960s to the 1990s also helped proliferate the Asian martial arts.  When the internet came long in the mid 1990s, access to Asian martial arts knowledge and discussion of it went beyond movies, t.v. shows, books, videos, schools, workshops, and classes.  All martial arts benefited but especially the less popular ones.   

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What also helped Asian martial arts was the counterculture movement that occurred in the 1960s up until the mid 1970s in the U.S.  Many Americans began opening up to non-Western ideas such as Asian martial arts, Non-Western mysticism, music and dances from around the world, and etc. International airline travel increased, and the number of televisions in the country increased allowing many Americans to see far away places or learn other cultures at the comfort of their own home.  Almost anything exotic was welcomed or even craved for.  The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 began the most recent modern migration of Asians to the U.S., and this allowed for more Asians to transmit more of their martial art knowledge in the U.S.  The admission of Hawaii as a U.S. state in 1959 may have also played a role. 

It should be mentioned that California would become the epicenter of the martial arts movement in the U.S.  Many Asians arrived or were born in California including Bruce Lee, Danny Inosanto, Angel Cabales, Richard Bustillo, Ted Wong, Taky Kimura, James Yimm Lee, Chai Sirisute, John LaCoste, Michael Inay.  There were also non-Asians involved in the Asian martial art movement in those early years and from California (or lived part of their life in California) such as Ed Parker, Benny "The Jet' Urquidez, Gene LeBell, Jesse Glover, and Chuck Norris.  Hollywood is in California, and the martial arts would be promoted through movies and television, and vice versa, Hollywood would benefit from this new and fast-growing genre.  Even the Gracies were based in California if I'm not mistaken, although they arrived much later in the martial art scene in California.

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