Among the Native American Indian ceremonies today, the potlatch of the Pacific Northwest Coast Indians is one of the most theatrical event that a spectator could ever behold. Potlatches includes singing, dancing, music, speechmaking, storytelling, joking, games, drama, costumes and mask, elaborate rituals and gift-giving.
Potlatch
This is what Antarctica appears to look like underneath the thick ice. The land itself is around half of the size of what we see on the surface covered with ice however it is still a large continent with islands; maybe some lands are actually beneath the sea level.
Although several places in South America needs to be explored, Colombia is one of the newer hot spots for archaeologist to dig into in recent decades. They have a large tropical rainforest that needs to be journeyed on foot. Several artifacts have been recovered in recent times which may suggest there are undiscovered civilizations. Colombia is situated at the bottle shoulder of the continent South America to Central America and shares both the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. There had to be a high frequency of traffic coming to South America via Colombia and Central America which suggest that there may have been a lot of development and trade. The population grew large in South America through migration at first and when they settled down eventually they began to establish large communities which some transitioned into cities such as found in Inca civilization and thereby the population grew even larger. This route was a two way traffic as civilizations such as the Maya and Aztec in Mesoamerica would have traded food and resources with the Incas and several others in South America.
Ciudad Perdida
San Augustin
An asteroid impact on Yucatan Peninsula ended the dinosaur age in an instant allowing smaller animals such as mammals to thrive and populate the world. Scientist believed if the impact was on the sea instead, the dinosaurs would have survived even to this day. The dinosaurs are the most successful large animal to roam earth. They began nearly 300 million years ago and ended 65 million years ago. They were on every continent including Antarctica which wasn't frozen at the time. The dinosaurs thrived on hot humid conditions however they were able to survive several ice ages during their time. The megafaunas such as mastodon, mammoths, sabre tooth tigers would have had to compete with the dinosaurs. Would we humans able to survive alongside dinosaurs and megafaunas? I think we would have struggled considering that we would not have the ability to hunt a lot of these massive dinosaurs. People would've constructed megaliths such as dolmens to protect themselves.
Dinosaurs survive today if asteroid impact was on the sea
https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/nov/15/human-dinosaurs-survived-notes-queries
Ice Age last 2.4 billion years
Birds(Avians) are the only surviving dinosaurs today. They are descendants of the Theropods; a meat-eating dinosaur related to the Tyrannosaurus Rex.
Megafaunas
Dinosaurs
Pre-Columbian Exchange
We don't expect any exchanges between the New World and the Old World until 1492 and yet we have examples of Pre-Columbian Exchanges such as rice, coconuts, bananas, chickens, primates and dogs in the New World. Who brought them here? I'm sure Native Indians brought some of them here however a few of these examples have been dated to be older than the first Native Indian to cross the Bering Strait of Alaska. Could some of them have floated across the sea? Some scientist believe that the coconuts and bananas could have floated to South America, Central America, and Caribbean. The rice and dogs were brought by the Native Indians. The dogs are unusually different from the dogs found in the Old World such as the Chihuahuas, Xolo dogs, and Dixie Dingo and other dingo. The chicken was brought by the Polynesians to Chile in exchange for sweet potato.
The question is who brought the primates to South America? South America and up to Mexico has more variety of animal and plant species compared to North America and therefore it created an ideal ecosystem for primates to thrive on which may explain why primates existed in these regions. South America has over 70 plus New World monkeys. The primates have only been existence for 60 to 80 million years in Africa and in South America they've only been in existence for 40 million years and yet South America has been separated from the Africa for 140 million years. The primates are only found in South America and Central America and therefore the Native Indians arriving during last Ice Age could not have been the people who brought the monkeys across the Americas through the Bering Strait and Aleutian Islands or else we should be seeing monkeys inhabiting North America. The monkeys themselves didn't cross Beringia either or else we would be seeing them for the same reason as mentioned before. The Isthmus of Panama or the narrow chain of land only formed 3 million years ago and therefore no land animals could have cross prior. Did they cross the Atlantic Ocean? If so, how and who brought them to South America from Africa 40 million years ago. Monkeys exited Africa to Eurasia 47 million years ago and human exited around 3 million years ago. South America may have received the primates somehow unless primates have been in existence older than 140 million years which is the time period when continents began to separate from one another.
According to genetic studies, the lemurs of Madagascar diverged from the lorisoids approximately 75 mya.[39] These studies, as well as chromosomal and molecular evidence, also show that lemurs are more closely related to each other than to other strepsirrhine primates.[39][44] However, Madagascar split from Africa 160 mya and from India 90 mya.