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Archaeology [Sticky] Archaeology by Prau123

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What tool or equipment is mostly associated with these scientist?   There's a common perception that a scientist is always attached with when they work in a lab and class or go out on the field. Our perception of these scientist handling the tools and apparatus began in grade school and ever since then it has stayed with us even to this day. Some say they are misconceptions or stereotypes since they actually use several tools and equipment to accomplish their job. In other words, a variety of situations that are dealt with requires a set of different tools and equipment. Returning to the topic, what is that one particular tool or equipment they use that describes them in an instant and it's what sets them apart from other scientist? What is the first tool or equipment that comes up to your mind when we see them? 

 

 

 

Astronomer - Telescope

 

Biologist - Microscope

 

Physicist - Ruler

 

Engineers - Framing square

 

Archaeologist- Shovel or spade however it's the trowel (multi-use tool) they use a lot in comparison.

 

Mathematician - Protractor

 

 

 

 

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Chemist - Beakers

 

Doctors - Stethoscope

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Unlike several professions, several archaeologist will spend a whole lifetime in excavating a particular site.  Some of them weren't able to finish their journey as another archaeologist will have to take his/her place in order to continue the excavation.  The archaeological approach to excavation is at a gradual speed and methodical in order to preserve the site and artifacts without damaging any features. They have tools and techniques to prevent this from happening. They also have to obtain every small sample or fragments.  Archaeologist usually has a team that may consist of another archaeologist, a variety of scientist, engineers and professionals. Depending on the location and size of the dig site, they usually have to employ laborers such as local people and natives. The archaeological site is finish when the site is intact and the artifacts are properly retrieved and documented.  Once completed, the site unfolds it's story and history for scientist and tourist alike to study and appreciate.

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Native American Indians crossed both the Aleutian Islands and Beringia from Siberia to Alaska at the end of the Ice Age. 

 

The Aleutian Island route was not covered with a lot of ice compared to Beringia which made it convenient for the seafarers to have navigated around the island archipelago to the New World. However they still had to sail their sea vessels around ice bergs and sea ices.  Since Aleutian islands are a member of the Ring of Fire, the handful of active volcanoes as well as the falling ice from a seaside cliff or ice berg would have likely produced a rogue wave.  There were whales, sharks and polar bears within reach when they took this route.  However it also appeared to be a short cut compared to the Beringia route. 

 

On the other hand, the Beringia route required the settlers to cross a narrow open route on rugged terrain, snow, and ice. Avalanches and blizzard snow storms were the perils of the journey through this stretch of land. There was nearly a 60 mile gap between Siberia and Alaska where a body of frozen ocean water and Diomede Islands are located which were extremely dangerous for nomads to cross over if the thin ice sheet cracked underneath them or if they fell into the crevasses. There were dangerous prehistoric animals around this time period along with polar bears, grizzly bears, Alaskan and Yukon wolves.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Aleutian Islands

 

 

 

Wikipedia 

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleutian_Islands

 

 

The Aleutian Islands: Russian: Aleut: Tanam Unangaa, literally "Land of the Aleuts", possibly from Chukchi aliat, "island"), also called the Aleut Islands or Aleutic Islands and known before 1867 as the Catherine Archipelago, are a chain of 14 large volcanic islands and 55 smaller islands. Most of the Aleutian Islands belong to the U.S. state of Alaska, but some belong to the Russian federal subject of Kamchatka Krai. They form part of the Aleutian Arc in the Northern Pacific Ocean, occupying an area of 6,821 sq mi (17,666 km2) and extending about 1,200 mi (1,900 km) westward from the Alaska Peninsula toward the Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia, and mark a dividing line between the Bering Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. Crossing longitude 180°, at which point east and west longitude end, the archipelago contains both the westernmost part of the United States by longitude (Amatignak Island) and the easternmost by longitude (Semisopochnoi Island). The westernmost U.S. island in real terms, however, is Attu Island, west of which runs the International Date Line. While nearly all the archipelago is part of Alaska and is usually considered as being in the "Alaskan Bush", at the extreme western end, the small, geologically related Commander Islands belong to Russia.

The islands, with their 57 volcanoes, form the northernmost part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. Physiographically, they are a distinct section of the larger Pacific Border province, which in turn is part of the larger Pacific Mountain System physiographic division.

 

 

 

1,200 mile Aleutian Islands

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Beringia

 

 

 

 

 

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Florida Keys, Hawaiian Islands and Channel Islands are well known archipelagos that attracts a high volume of tourist annually in America. If you want a sparsely inhabited island that attracts only a few tourist, then visit the Aleutian Island archipelagos. There are islands where there are no people in sight leaving the whole island experience to yourself and your companions with a view of unspoiled, pristine landscapes.

 

https://wilderness.net/visit-wilderness/?ID=5

 

The Aleutian Islands consist of more than 200 islands which are actually the peaks of 57 submarine volcanoes (27 of which are considered active) rising from near sea level to more than 9,000 feet.

 

 

 

 

 

 

https://deepcarbon.net/feature/novel-measurements-carbon-degassing-arc-volcanoes

 

 

 

 

 

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Native American Indians are not known for growing facial hairs is only partly true.  There are a few Indians who can grow small moustaches or beards.  Some actually plucked the hairs off using shells or tweezers which gives us the impression that they're unable to grow facial hairs. 

 

The only recognizable Indian group that could grow a moderate amount of facial hairs are the West Coast Indians from Alaska to California. The Northwest Coast Indians in particular are known to grow a grizzly beard.

 

The Patagonian Giants in southern Argentina and Chile were well known for their tall height as they towered above all other indigenous groups of South America and their new arrivals from Europe during the 1500's.  However they were less known for growing moustaches or beards. The Patagonians or Ona people may have grown tall and developed facial hair due to isolation in extreme cold conditions on Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego or they may have possibly interbred with the tall Paracas people of Peru during the pre-Columbian times. The Paracas culture have been genetically proven to be related on the maternal side to the people from the Black Sea/Caspian Sea region of Eurasia and are also presumably responsible for the construction of the perfectly cut and place hard andesite and granite rocks on ancient megalithic sites in Peru. This is truly a remarkable feat of engineering even for todays standard as modern engineers haven't been able to duplicate their advance construction methods. On the contrary, the Patagonians' facial hair growth may have been the result of interbreeding with colonial Europeans in the last few centuries.  However Patagonians are well known historically for being xenophobic and the surviving few have refuse to commingle with the colonial Europeans even to this day. 

 

 

 

Patagonians with facial hair

 

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehuelche_people

 

 

 

 

 

 

Patagonian Giants (Regione de Giganti) with facial hair shown on Urbano Monte's Map.  Please zoom in to get a closer look at their facial hair.

 

https://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~303597~90074228:Tavola-XXXX--Che-Ha-Sua-Superiore-L?qvq=q%3Apub_list_no%3D%2210130.000%22%3Bsort%3Apub_list_no%2Cseries_no%3Blc%3ARUMSEY%7E8%7E1&sort=pub_list_no%2Cseries_no&mi=41&trs=94

 

 

 

 

Paracas Culture

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracas_culture

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Native American Indians' facial hair discussion

 

https://www.quora.com/Is-it-true-that-Native-Americans-dont-grow-beards

 

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