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Archaeology [Sticky] Archaeology by Prau123

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Some Americans have Native Indian ancestry and for those who do they usually associate themselves to only one tribe.  In the east coast, they'll likely say, "I have Cherokee ancestry" while in the west coast, they'll usually say, "I have Navajo ancestry."  There are some who have ancestry from different tribes such as Seminole, Chumash, Mohican and plus more.  Native Indians themselves acknowledge their contribution, however in recent times several Americans of different ethnicities are becoming to be more aware of their Native Indian ancestors' contribution to the country as well as to the world.

 

 

 

https://www.scholastic.com/teachers/articles/teaching-content/native-american-contributions/

 

As the first inhabitants of North America, Native Americans discovered how to live off the land. Many tribes domesticated edible plants, raised animals, and discovered natural medicines. Native American innovations in areas such as mathematics and government greatly influenced other cultures in Europe and Latin America.

 

Foods

 

Edible plants domesticated by Native Americans have become major staples in the diets of peoples all around the world. Such foods include corn (maize), manioc, potatoes, sweet potatoes, peanuts, squashes and pumpkins, tomatoes, papayas, avocados, pineapples, guavas, chili peppers, chocolate (cacao), and many species of beans.

 

Animals

 

Native Americans were the first to raise turkeys, llamas, guinea pigs, and honeybees for food.

 

 

Non-edible plants

 

Other plants of great importance developed by Native Americans include cotton, rubber, and tobacco.

 

 

Medicines

The Quechua peoples of Peru discovered the medicinal use for quinine. Also, Canadian Indians knew how to prevent scurvy by eating plants rich in vitamin C, and they passed this information along to the Europeans.

 

 

Mathematics

 

The Mayans of Mexico appear to have been the first to use the zero in mathematics. Scholars believe that Asians traveled across the Pacific Ocean and learned about the zero from the Maya.

 

 

 

Government

 

Native American governments in eastern North America, particularly the League of the Iroquois, served as models of federated representative democracy to the Europeans and the American colonists. The United States government is based on such a system, whereby power is distributed between a central authority (the federal government) and smaller political units (the states).

 

 

 

 

www.angelfire.com/ar3/cabone/

 

Native Americans contributed a great deal to the founding of America. Specifically, the Cherokee and Iroquois tribes contributed in ways we cannot measure. The Cherokee had developed a formal education system and created a written language, while the Iroquois had an intricate government. Both of these tribes gave ideas to our founding fathers in creating the United States. The Cherokee Indians system of education helped the United States develop a system a formal education, and the Iroquois Indians had a system of government which the founding fathers modeled our own government after. My hypothesis is that our nation is modeled after the success of these two tribes. Cherokee Education: After Sequoyah created the Cherokee Syllabary, almost all tribal members were literate. Their educational system was fully established by late 19th century. The Cherokee had longhouses in which children would go to learn the syllabary, as well as important things for Indians to know such as hunting and building. They developed a printed newspaper in early 19th century (no longer in print). Early childhood and adult education was also focused upon(McLoughlin). Cherokee Government: The Cherokee had a formal government comprised of 34 members. There was a Chief, a Vice Chief, and 32 elected council members. Their system was based on the Iroquois democracy (www.cherokee.org). Iroquois Government: The Iroquois had divided their government into four sections, similar to our system of branches. The four, in order of importance were League, Nation, Clan, and Village. Each had to approve and agree on issues in order for policies to take effect. The five nations were: Mohawk, Onondaga, Seneca, Oneida, and Cayuga. Each had a policy of examining the impacts of their decisions for the 7 future generations. Their representative democracy was praised by Ben Franklin and Thomas Jefferson (Asimov). In my research, I concluded that our America had a lot of input from the Cherokee and Iroquois Indians. There are many, many similarities within our Constitution, governmental structure, and educational system. Therefore, I have concluded the Indians did contribute to the founding our our society. Enjoy! Page by Elizabeth Carbone

 

 

https://www.pbs.org/native-america/blogs/native-voices/how-the-iroquois-great-law-of-peace-shaped-us-democracy/

 

 

Sports: lacrosse, kayak, bola, hockey, toboggan, running sports, atlatl, ball court games

 

 

 

  http://go.si.edu/site/PageServer?pagename=Telling_The_Story_Form6.html

 

others: cable suspension bridge, popcorn, sunscreen, doughnuts, gold panning, monopoly board game, snow goggles, camouflage, snow shoes, fish hooks, duck decoys, fishing nets, hammock, baby bottles, maple syrup, quinine medicine, roads, igloos, house structures, burritos, tacos, several cuisines and plus more.

 

https://www.history.com/news/native-american-inventions#section_12

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Southwest cultures

 

 

 

 

 

 

Betatakin

 

 

 

 

 

Horseshoe Tower at Hovenweep

 

 

 

 

 

Taos Pueblo Indian Multi-Story Adobe Houses

 

 

 

 

 

Bandelier

 

 

 

 

 

Mesa Verde

 

 

 

 

 

Chaco Canyon

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Aztec Ruin

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Montezuma Castle

 

 

 

 

White Canyon

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Canyon De Chelly

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3269320/Stunning-pictures-Utah-caves-home-ancient-civilisation-suddenly-disappeared-thousands-years-ago.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mesa Moon House

 

 

 

 

 

Casa Grande

 

 

 

 

Dark Canyon Wilderness

 

 

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Mesoamerican sites

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pyramid of the Sun at Teotihuacan

 

 

?v=1485681267

 

 

 

 

Uxmal

 

 

 

 

Coba

 

 

 

 

Copan

 

 

 

Calakmul

 

 

 

Caracol

 

 

 

El Castillo

 

 

 

 

Observatory

 

 

 

 

Cholula

 

 

 

Edzna

 

 

 

 

El Mirador

 

 

 

 

 

Tikal

 

 

 

 

Mayapan

 

 

 

Tazumal

 

 

 

 

Palenque

 

 

 

 

Tonina

 

 

 

 

Santa Cecilia Acatitlan

 

 

 

 

Monte Alban

 

 

 

 

El Tajin

 

 

Yaxha

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tulum

 

 

 

 

 

Comalalco

 

 

 

 

 

 

Izamal

 

 

 

 

 

Moral Reforma

 

 

 

 

Santa Rosa Xtampak

 

 

 

 

Uitzina

 

 

 

 

Cuilcuilco

 

 

 

 

Angamuco or Tzintzuntzan

 

 

 

 

El Palmar

 

https://www.brown.edu/Departments/Joukowsky_Institute/fieldwork/landscapesuccession/6225.html

 

 

 

Zacuela

 

 

 

 

 

Labna

 

 

 

 

Jaina Island

 

 

 

 

 

Altun Ha

 

 

 

Bonampak

 

 

 

Lamanai

 

 

 

 

 

Mixco Viejo

 

 

 

 

 

San Andres

 

 

 

 

Malinalco temple

 

 

 

 

Tenayuca

 

 

 

 

Yaxchilan

 

 

 

 

 

Xunantunich

 

 

 

 

Templo Mayor

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Labna site somehow got replace with Zacuela site.

 

 

 

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Aguada Fenix site is considered the oldest and largest structure in Mayan civilization thus far as suggested in the articles below.  The ceremonial structure is rather wide and long compared to several Mayan sites.  Instead of stone, they used clay and earth as construction material.  Pottery and sculptures were also found. The age of the Aguada Fenix belongs to the Pre-Classic Maya period and Olmec period.  Mayan civilization is considered the longest civilization to have ever existed in Mesoamerica and they were the most prolific construction builders also. 

 

As of today, archaeologist have yet to find out who constructed Cholula and Cuilcuilco.  In Mesoamerica, Cholula is still considered the largest structure and Cuilcuilco is still considered the oldest site ever found. 

 

 

 

 

https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/oldest-and-largest-ancient-maya-structure-found-in-mexico-aguada-fenix-2652209.html

 

 

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-science-maya/oldest-and-largest-ancient-maya-structure-found-in-mexico-idUSKBN23A2EH

 

Scientists using an aerial remote-sensing method have discovered the largest and oldest-known structure built by the ancient Maya civilization - a colossal rectangular elevated platform built between 1,000 and 800 BC in Mexico’s Tabasco state.
The structure, unlike the soaring Maya pyramids at cities like Tikal in Guatemala and Palenque in Mexico erected some 1,500 years later, was not built of stone but rather of clay and earth, and likely was used for mass rituals, researchers said on Wednesday.
Located at a site called Aguada Fenix near the Guatemalan border, the structure measured nearly a quarter mile (400 meters) wide and nine-tenths of a mile (1,400 meters) long and stood 33 to 50 feet (10 to 15 meters) high. 

 

 

 

https://www.sciencealert.com/largest-and-oldest-maya-monument-ever-found-lay-hidden-under-mexico-for-centuries

 

 

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/jun/03/maya-structure-discovered-mexico-lidar-aguada-fenix

 

 

https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/03/world/biggest-oldest-mayan-temple-aguada-fnix-archeology-scn/index.html

 

 

https://gizmodo.com/lost-monument-of-early-maya-civilization-discovered-in-1843880822

 

 

https://www.insidescience.org/news/largest-known-maya-structure-found-more-4000-feet-long-and-nearly-3000-years-old

 

 

https://www.heritagedaily.com/2020/06/largest-and-oldest-maya-monument-discovered-with-lidar/129716

 

 

 

 

Video

 

 

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Peru and Bolivia

 

 

 

 

Peru

 

 

 

Machu Picchu

 

 

 

 

Saqsaywayman

 

 

 

 

 

Kuelap

 

 

 

 

Caral

 

 

 

 

Nazca Lines

 

 

 

 

Cahauchi

 

 

 

 

Chan Chan

 

 

 

 

Pisac

 

 

 

 

Chavin de Huantar

 

 

 

 

Patallacta Terraces

 

 

 

 

Moray

 

 

 

 

Cuzco

 

 

 

 

Tambo Machay

 

 

 

 

Rumicolca

 

 

 

 

Ollantaytambo

 

 

 

Terraces of Pamatallis

 

 

 

 

Paramonga Fortress

 

 

 

 

Winay Wayna

 

 

 

 

Sillustani

 

 

 

 

Huallamarca

 

 

 

 

Choquequirao

 

 

 

 

Huaca Pucllana

 

 

 

 

Tipon

 

 

 

 

Tucume

 

 

 

 

Tambo Colorado

 

 

 

Huaca del Sol

 

 

 

 

Inti Watana

 

 

 

 

Coricancha

 

 

 

Panamarca

 

 

 

 

Uros-Floating Islands Puno

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bolivia

 

 

 

Tiwanaku

 

 

 

 

Puma Punku

 

 

 

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